Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wōks

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“speech, voice”), an o-grade root noun of *wekʷ- (“to speak”). The change from /kʷ/ to /k/ is unexpected; the expected descendant of *wṓkʷs is *wokʷs or *wōkʷs, which would have yielded the Latin vox stem voqu- or vōqu-.

Noun

*wōks f

voice

Declension

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Declension of *wōks (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wōks	*wokes
vocative	*wōks	*wokes
accusative	*wokem	*wokens
genitive	*wokes, wokos	*wokom
dative	*wokei	*wokβos
ablative	*woki? woke?	*wokβos
locative	*woki? woke?	*wokβos

Derived terms

*sub-wok-(o-)
- Umbrian: suboco (“invocation”)
*sub-wok-āje- (or, perhaps *sub-wok-āō)
- Umbrian: subocau (“I invoke”)

Descendants

Latin: vōx, vocō (either a denominative from the oblique stem *wokʷ- or from an intermediate derivative *wokʷ-ā < *wokʷ-eh₂)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 691-692
^ Poultney, James Wilson (1959) The Bronze Tables of Iguvium‎, Baltimore: American Philological Association
^ Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 691-692

[2] Poultney, James Wilson (1959) The Bronze Tables of Iguvium‎, Baltimore: American Philological Association

[3] Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary