Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hrawdʰás

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 This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-ó-s, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) +‎ *-ós (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *roudos, Proto-Germanic *raudaz.

Noun

*Hrawdʰás m[1][2]

  1. red metal, copper, brass

Declension

masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hrawdʰás *Hrawdʰā́ *Hrawdʰā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative *Hrawdʰa *Hrawdʰā́ *Hrawdʰā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative *Hrawdʰám *Hrawdʰā́ *Hrawdʰā́ns
instrumental *Hrawdʰā́ *HrawdʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *Hrawdʰā́yš
ablative *Hrawdʰā́t *HrawdʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *Hrawdʰáybʰyas
dative *Hrawdʰā́y *HrawdʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *Hrawdʰáybʰyas
genitive *Hrawdʰásya *Hrawdʰáyās *Hrawdʰā́na(H)m
locative *Hrawdʰáy *Hrawdʰáyaw *Hrawdʰáyšu

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawdʰás (“copper”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”)
    • Baluchi: رود (rōd)
    • Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫔 (rōδ, “copper”)
    • Old Persian: (*rauda)
      • Middle Persian:
        Manichaean Middle Persian: rwy (rôy, “copper, brass”)
        Pahlavi Middle Persian: lwd (rôy, “copper, brass”)
    • Sogdian: (rwδ /⁠rōδ⁠/)

References

  1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “lōhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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