Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/adᶻdʰáH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; perhaps from either Proto-Indo-European:

*Hedʰ-téh₂-h₁ (“said, announced”), from instrumental of *Hedʰ-téh₂, from *Hedʰ- (“to say”) (whence Sanskrit आह (ā́ha, “to say”), Old Avestan 𐬁𐬛𐬁 (ādā, “to say”)) + *-téh₂;^[1]^[2]
*Hedʰ-dh₁-éh₁, from *Hedʰ- (“to say”) +‎ *deh₁- (“to bind”) +‎ *-téh₂;^[1]
*m̥d-dh₁-éh₂, from *med- (“to measure, advise”) +‎ *deh₁- (“to bind”) +‎ *-éh₂;^[3]^[4]
or *n̥-h₂n̥dʰ-téh₂ (“unblinded”), from *n̥- (negative prefix) +‎ *h₂endʰ- (“to be blind”) +‎ *-téh₂.^[5]

Alternative reconstructions

*HadᶻdʰáH^[1]^[6]

Adjective

*adᶻdʰáH^[7]^[8]^[2]^[5]^[9]^[10]

known, true

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *addʰáH
- Sanskrit: अद्धा (addhā́, “truly, surely”)
  - Pali: addhā
Proto-Iranian: *azdáH^[4]^[11]^[12]
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 (azdā)
- Parthian: 𐫀𐫉𐫅 (ʾzd /⁠azd⁠/)
  - → Old Armenian: ազդ (azd)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐏀𐎭𐎠 (a-z-d-a /⁠azdā⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (ʾzd /⁠azd⁠/)
- Sogdian: (ʾzdʾ /⁠azdā⁠/)
  - ⇒ Sogdian: (ʾzdʾqryʾ /⁠azdā-karyā⁠/, “announcement”)
- → Aramaic: (ˀzd), (ˀzdˀ)^[11]^[12]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 197
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hedʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 222
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. med-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 45
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*azdā-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 286–287
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “addhā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 64
^
^{The template Template:R:ine:HCHIEL does not use the parameter(s): vol=III
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors (2017–2018), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page *azdā-: “1879”
^ Kent, Roland G. (1950) “azdā”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 33a
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) Einführung ins Altiranische [Introduction to Old Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 8
^ Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 188
^ Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 50
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Tavernier, Jan (2007) “*Azdā”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 411: “411”
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Hinz, Walther (1975) “*azdā-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 52

[Lipp-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 197

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hedʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 222

[3] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. med-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 45

[ESIJa-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*azdā-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 286–287

[EWAia-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “addhā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 64

[6] {The template Template:R:ine:HCHIEL does not use the parameter(s): vol=III
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors (2017–2018), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page *azdā-: “1879”

[7] Kent, Roland G. (1950) “azdā”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 33a

[8] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) Einführung ins Altiranische [Introduction to Old Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 8

[9] Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 188

[10] Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 50

[Tavernier-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Tavernier, Jan (2007) “*Azdā”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 411: “411”

[Hinz-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Hinz, Walther (1975) “*azdā-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 52

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