Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/grā́mas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-o-s, from *h₂ger- (“to gather; flock, herd”) +‎ *-os (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gromada (“heap, pile”) (compare Russian грома́да (gromáda, “id”)).^[1]

Noun

*(H)grā́mas m

bunch, pile, bundle, collection

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grā́mas	*grā́mā	*grā́mā, -ās(as)
vocative	*grā́ma	*grā́mā	*grā́mā, -ās(as)
accusative	*grā́mam	*grā́mā	*grā́māns
instrumental	*grā́mā	*grā́maybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*grā́māyš
ablative	*grā́māt	*grā́maybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*grā́maybʰyas
dative	*grā́māy	*grā́maybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*grā́maybʰyas
genitive	*grā́masya	*grā́mayās	*grā́māna(H)m
locative	*grā́may	*grā́mayaw	*grā́mayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grā́mas
- Sanskrit: ग्राम (grā́ma) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *grā́mah
- Ossetian: ӕргъом (ærǧom, “bundle, bunch, burden”)
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *grā́makah
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃 (grʾmg /⁠grāmag⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (“property, wealth”)
    Book Pahlavi script: (glʾmk' /⁠grāmag⁠/)
  - Sogdian: (grʾmʾk)
Proto-Nuristani: *grā́ma
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: gřóm
    
    Kativiri: gřúm
  - Prasuni: gam, gám
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: gřám
  - Waigali: gram

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 290

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 290

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