Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácwā
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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
Presumably from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwanā ~ *Hćunás, from Proto-Indo-European *Héḱ-wō ~ *Hḱ-unés, possibly from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”), compare *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), and perhaps Hittite (NA4hé-kur /NA4hekur/, “rock-temple”).
A merger likely occured with the descendants of *Hácwr̥ ~ *Hcwán (“ploughshare”), whence Ossetian ӕфсӕн (æfsæn, “ploughshare”), Middle Persian 𐫃𐫀𐫇 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫗 (gʾw ʾʾhwn /gāwāhun/, “ploughshare”), Central Kurdish گاسن (gasn, “ploughshare”), derived from the same root.
Noun
*Hácwā ~ *Hcunáh m
Derived terms
- *Hácwanyah (“of iron”)[1] (+ *-yah)
- Proto-Scythian: *aswani (see there for further descendants)
- Khwarezmian: (ʾspny), (sbny /(ə)spanī/, “iron; of iron”)
- Sogdian: ܣܦܝܢ sg (spyn /(ə)spen, (ə)span/), pl (spyntʾ, “iron; iron fetter; chain”)
- ⇒ Sogdian: ܣܦܢܝܩ (spnyq), (sfnyq /spanīk, sfanīk/, “iron; of iron”)
- Middle Persian: (ʾsyn'), (ʾhyn' /āsēn, āhēn/)
- ⇒ Middle Persian: (ʾsynyn' /āhēnēn/, “iron; of iron”)
- *Háyahcwanah[2] (+ *Háyah (“iron, metal”))
- *HcwánayHnah (“of iron”) (+ *-ayHnah)
- Old Avestan: *spanaēna
- ⇒ Old Avestan: *haospanaēna (literally “of good iron”) (+ 𐬵𐬎- (hu-))
- Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 f (haosafnaēna, “of steel”)
- ⇒ Old Avestan: *haospanaēna (literally “of good iron”) (+ 𐬵𐬎- (hu-))
- Khwarezmian: (spnynk)
- Sogdian: 𐼀𐼑𐼔𐼎𐼀𐼊𐼏 (ʾspnʾyn /(ə)spanēn/, “iron; of iron”)
- ⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnč/, “iron; of iron”)
- ⇒ Sogdian: (/(ə)spanēnē/, “iron; of iron”)
- Old Avestan: *spanaēna
Descendants
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Southwestern Iranian:
Further reading
- Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus), volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 177: “*ā́swanyā-; *āsuna-”
- Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 25: “*su̯ana-”
- Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*(a)śu̯ana-, *(a)śu̯ina- (?)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 246-247
References
- ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “hīśśana-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 486-487: “*aśu̯anya-; *aśu̯ana-”
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*ai̯ah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 146-147: “*ai̯ah- + *śu̯ana-,”
- ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 399: “*ātsu̯anii̯ā”
- ^ Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “'ospəna”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 18: “Indo-Ir *ā̆ś(u)u̯an(y)ā- > Pš *auspana-; cf. Khot hīśśana- (DKS 486), Khwar ʾspny, Sogd spnync; Man MPrs ʾʾhwn (< *āθuna-), Pth ʾʾswn; Bal, Kurd āsin (< *āsuna-)”