Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Háyxam

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 This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Thematicized from earlier *Háyxš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óyg-s ~ *h₁ig-s-és, from *h₁eyg- (“ice, frost”) +‎ *-s.

Noun

*Háyxam n[1][2][3]

  1. ice, frost

Inflection

neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Háyxam *Háyxay *HáyxaH
vocative *Háyxam *Háyxay *HáyxaH
accusative *Háyxam *Háyxay *HáyxaH
instrumental *Háyxā *HáyxaybyaH *Háyxāyš
ablative *Háyxāt *HáyxaybyaH *Háyxaybyah
dative *Háyxāy *HáyxaybyaH *Háyxaybyah
genitive *Háyxahya *Háyxayāh *Háyxānam
locative *Háyxay *Háyxayaw *Háyxayšu

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬑𐬆𐬨 n (aēxəm, “frost, ice”)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Old Ossetic: *ex (“ice, hail”)[4]
      • Ossetian:
        Digor Ossetian: ех (ex)
        Iron Ossetian: их (ix)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠yaxn⁠/)
      Sogdian script: (yyδγn /⁠(y)ēδxān⁠/, “icebox, glaicier”)
      Syriac script: ܝܟܢܘ (yxnw /⁠yaxn⁠/, “ice”)
      Sogdian script: (ynγynʾk /⁠yanxēnē⁠/, “icy”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫑𐫗𐫏𐫏 (yxnyy /⁠yaxnē⁠/, “left over food”)
      • → Pashto: يخني (yaxní, “cold; frost; pottage, soupe”)
      • → Persian: یخنی (yaxni, “a kind of food; cold cooked meat;”)
        • → Arabic: يخني (yaḵni, “stew”)
    • Yagnobi:
      Cyrillic script: ӣх (īx), ех (ex)
      Latin script: īx, ēx
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: اسۍ (asáy, “hoar-frost; fog; mist”)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ī́xu
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ī́x́
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *ī́š
          • Shughni:
            Khughni, Roshani: īš
          • Sarikoli: īš
        • Munji-Yidgha:
          • Yidgha: یاخ (yāx, “cold”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: یخ (yax, “cold; ice”), لخ (lux, “icy”) (possibly)
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: یخ (yəx, “ice”)
      • Mazanderani: یخ (yax, “ice”)
    • Old Median:
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠ēx⁠/):
      Pazend script: 𐬫𐬀𐬑 (yax, “ice”)
      • Persian: یخ (yax, “ice”)

References

  1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*aixa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 140-143
  2. ^ Edelman, D. I. (1980) “History of the consonant systems of the North-Pamir Languages”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 22, number 4, Brill, →JSTOR, page 294
  3. ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 96
  4. ^ Kim, Ronald I. (2007) “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 1
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