Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/bagáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-; see there for more. Cognate with Sanskrit भग (bhága, “dispenser, gracious lord, patron”).

*bagáh (/bagah/)^[1]

1. god

• Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa), 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, “share, (favourable) lot”)
• Sogdo-Bactrian:
  • Bactrian: βαγο (bago /⁠baγ⁠/)
  • Khwarezmian: اڤغیک (ʾβγyk /⁠*aβγīk⁠/, “(lit) little idol, doll, puppet”) (> *bagakáh)
  • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ⁠/)
    • Sogdian script: (βγ)
    • Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄 (βɣ), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
    • Syriac script: ܒܓ (bg), ܒܮ (bγ)
    • → Classical Persian: ڤغ (vγ /⁠βaγ⁠/), فغ (faγ)
• Parthian: (/⁠bag(early) ~ baγ (late)⁠/)
  • Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭇 (ALḤ)
  • Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫃 (bg), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
  • → Old Armenian: բագ (bag, “god; portion”)
  • → Classical Persian: بغ (baγ, “idol; lord”)
• Old Persian: 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /⁠baga⁠/, “god”)
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠bag (early) ~ bay (late)⁠/, “lord, (earthly) god; divine”)
    • Book Pahlavi script: (ORHYA), (bk'), (bg)
    • Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏 (by)
    • Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭢𐭩 (bgy), 𐭥𐭥𐭧𐭩𐭠 (ORḤYA)
    • → Ancient Greek: Βέοι (Béoi)
• →? Proto-Turkic: *bēg (“lord”) (see there for further descendants)