Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰagás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”) +‎ *-os (deverbal suffix). Usually compared with Proto-Slavic *bogъ (“god”) (which used to be considered a borrowing from Indo-Iranian). The connection with Old Armenian բակ (bak) is more problematic.^[1]

*bʰagás m

1. portion, part, share, allotment
2. fate, destiny
3. (religion) "the dispenser"; a god

• *bʰaktás

• *bʰagáputrás (“son of god”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bagápuθráh
    • Bactrian: βαγοπουρο (bagopouro /⁠βaɣpūr⁠/)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠βaɣpūr⁠/)

      Sogdian script: 𐼱𐼲𐼾𐼰𐼴𐽀 (βɣpʾwr)

      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫄𐫛𐫢𐫏𐫏 (bɣpšyy)

      • → Classical Persian: ڤغپور (βaγfūr)

        Persian: فغفور (fağfur), فغفوری (fağfuri, “Chinese ”)^[2]

        • → Arabic: بَغْبُور (baḡbūr), فَغْفُور (faḡfūr)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: فغفور (fağfûr), فغفوری (fağfûrî)
            • Turkish: fağfur, fağfuri
            • → Greek: φαρφουρί (farfourí, “thin porcelain”)
            • → Russian: фарфо́р (farfór, “porcelain”)
    • Parthian: (/⁠βaγpuhr⁠/)

      Parthian: 𐫁𐫃𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡 (bgpwhr)

      • → Classical Persian: بغپور (baγpūr), بغبور (bağbur)
• *bʰagádʰHtás (“given by god”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bágadaHtah (see more)
    • → English: Baghdad
• *bʰagásayHnas (“temple”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnah
    • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ(a)n⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄𐫗 (βɣn)

    • Parthian: (/⁠baγin⁠/)

      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭁𐭂𐭍𐭉 (bgny)

      • → Old Armenian: բագին (bagin)
      • → Old Georgian: ბაგინი (bagini)
    • > Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnapátiš (“the master of temple”)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγnpat(u)⁠/, “sorcerer; priest”)

        Sogdian script: (βγnpt), (βγnptw)

        Syriac script: ܭܮܢܦܬ (βγnpt), ܭܮܢܦܬܘ (βγnptw)

      • Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫁𐫢𐫗𐫁𐫏𐫅 (bšnbyd /⁠bašnbed⁠/, “master of idol temple”) (> *bagaina > *bažin > *bašn)

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰagás
  • Sanskrit: भग (bhága, “prosperity, well-being, happiness; "dispenser" (epithet of gods); Bhaga (name of a god)”)^[3] (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *bagáh (“portion, share, fate; god”)
  • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa), 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, “share, (favourable) lot”)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: βαγο (bago /⁠baγ⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: اڤغیک (ʾβγyk /⁠*aβγīk⁠/, “(lit) little idol, doll, puppet”) (> *bagakáh)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ⁠/)
      • Sogdian script: (βγ)
      • Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄 (βɣ), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
      • Syriac script: ܒܓ (bg), ܒܮ (bγ)
      • → Classical Persian: ڤغ (vγ /⁠βaγ⁠/), فغ (faγ)
  • Parthian: (/⁠bag(early) ~ baγ (late)⁠/)
    • Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭇 (ALḤ)
    • Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫃 (bg), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
    • → Old Armenian: բագ (bag, “god; portion”)
    • → Classical Persian: بغ (baγ, “idol; lord”)
  • Old Persian: 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /⁠baga⁠/, “god”)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠bag (early) ~ bay (late)⁠/, “lord, (earthly) god; divine”)
      • Book Pahlavi script: (ORHYA), (bk'), (bg)
      • Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏 (by)
      • Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭢𐭩 (bgy), 𐭥𐭥𐭧𐭩𐭠 (ORḤYA)
      • → Ancient Greek: Βέοι (Béoi)
  • →? Proto-Turkic: *bēg (“lord”) (see there for further descendants)