Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwā́

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 This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Noun

*cwā́

  1. dog
    Synonym: *kútah

Inflection

consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *cwā́ *cwā́nā(w) *cwā́nah
vocative *cwán *cwā́nā(w) *cwā́nah
accusative *cwā́nam *cwā́nā(w) *cunáh
instrumental *cunáH *cwabʰyā́(m) *cwabʰíš
ablative *cunáh *cwabʰyā́(m) *cwabʰyáH
dative *cunáy *cwabʰyā́(m) *cwabʰyáH
genitive *cunáh *cwaHā́h *cunáHam
locative *cwáni *cwaHáw *cwahú

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: (śve)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *spā́kəh
      • Caspian:
      • Old Median: σπάκα (spáka) (see there for further descendants)
      • Parthian: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫃 (ʿspg /⁠ispag⁠/)
      • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
      • → Proto-Slavic: *sobàka (“dog”) (< *sabā́ka-)(see there for further descendants)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *sakah
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠sak, sag⁠/)
        • → Northern Kurdish: se
        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫃 (sg)
        Book Pahlavi script: (KLBA)
        Psalter Pahlavi script: (sky)
        • Persian: سگ (sag)
          • → Northern Kurdish: seg
          • → Central Kurdish: سەگ (seg)
        • Northern Luri: سٱی (say)
        • Tat: səy (say)
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