Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sobaka
 |
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Early Proto-Slavic *sabā́ˀkāˀ. Borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabā́ka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognate with Old Median σπάκα (spáka), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka, “dog-like”), 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥 (span, “dog”), Talysh sıpə (“dog”), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván, “dog”), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”).
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sobàka | *sobacě | *sobaky |
| genitive | *sobaky | *sobaku | *sobakъ |
| dative | *sobacě | *sobakama | *sobakamъ |
| accusative | *sobakǫ | *sobacě | *sobaky |
| instrumental | *sobakojǫ, *sobakǫ** | *sobakama | *sobakami |
| locative | *sobacě | *sobaku | *sobakasъ, *sobakaxъ* |
| vocative | *sobàko | *sobacě | *sobaky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: собака (sobaka)