Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sobaka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *sabā́ˀkāˀ. Borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabā́ka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognate with Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka, “dog-like”), 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥 (span, “dog”), Talysh sıpə (“dog”), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván, “dog”), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”).

Noun

*sobàka f^[1]

(East Slavic) dog

Declension

Declension of *sobàka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sobàka	*sobacě	*sobaky
genitive	*sobaky	*sobaku	*sobakъ
dative	*sobacě	*sobakama	*sobakamъ
accusative	*sobakǫ	*sobacě	*sobaky
instrumental	sobakojǫ, sobakǫ^**	*sobakama	*sobakami
locative	*sobacě	*sobaku	sobakasъ, sobakaxъ^*
vocative	*sobàko	*sobacě	*sobaky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*sùka (“bitch”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: собака (sobaka)
  - Old Ruthenian: соба́ка (sobáka), саба́ка (sabáka) — Middle Belarusian
    - Belarusian: саба́ка (sabáka)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: соба́ка (sobáka) (rare)
    - Ukrainian: соба́ка (sobáka)
      - → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
        → Kashubian: sobaka
  - Russian: соба́ка (sobáka)
    - → Aleut: sabaakax
    - → Southern Yukaghir: тоуко (towko)

References

^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*sabā̱͘ kā͘ «sobaka»”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 190

[1] Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*sabā̱͘ kā͘ «sobaka»”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 190

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