Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/daywáh

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 This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás (“god”).

    Noun

    *daywáh m

    1. demon; malevolent being

    Inflection

    masculine a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *daywáh *daywā́ *daywā́
    vocative *daywa *daywā́ *daywā́
    accusative *daywám *daywā́ *daywā́nh
    instrumental *daywā́ *daywáybyaH *daywā́yš
    ablative *daywā́t *daywáybyaH *daywáybyah
    dative *daywā́y *daywáybyaH *daywáybyah
    genitive *daywáhya *daywáyāh *daywā́nam
    locative *daywáy *daywáyaw *daywáyšu

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Proto-Scythian:
        • Khotanese: (dyū, “demon”)
        • Ossetian: (“wizard, demon”)
          Digor Ossetian: ӕвдеу (ævdew)
          Iron Ossetian: ӕвдиу (ævdiw)
      • Sogdian: (“demon; unreliable person; liar”)
        Sogdian script: (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),
        Manichaean script: 𐫔𐫏𐫇 (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),
        Syriac script: ܕܝܘ (dyw /⁠δēw⁠/)
        • → Persian: لیوه (live, “unreliable, lier person”)
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Ishkashimi: (lew, “a night-mare, a night-spectre that eats people”)
      • Pashto: دېو (dew) (perhaps borrowed from Persian), دېب (deb)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v /⁠daivaʰ⁠/)
        • Middle Persian:
          Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇 (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)
          Book Pahlavi script: (ŠDYA /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)
          • Classical Persian: دیوْ (dēw)
          • ⇒ Middle Persian:
            Book Pahlavi script: (dywwk' /⁠dēwōg⁠/, “leech”)
            • Classical Persian:
              • Iranian Persian: دیوک (divok, divak, “leech”)
        • → Aramaic: דיוא (daywā)
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