Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/puθráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás.

Noun

*puθráh m^[1]

son

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*puθrah	*puθrā	*puθrā
vocative	*puθra	*puθrā	*puθrā
accusative	*puθram	*puθrā	*puθrānh
instrumental	*puθrā	*puθraybyaH	*puθrāyš
ablative	*puθrāt	*puθraybyaH	*puθraybyah
dative	*puθrāy	*puθraybyaH	*puθraybyah
genitive	*puθrahya	*puθrayāh	*puθrānam
locative	*puθray	*puθrayaw	*puθrayšu

Derived terms

*bagapuθrah

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
    - Khotanese: (pūra)
    - Wakhi: (/⁠pɨtr, pətr⁠/)
      Arabic script: پوْتر, پوتر
      
      Cyrillic script: пытр (pytr), пәтр
  - Ossetian: фырт (fyrt)
- Bactrian: πουρο (pouro)
  - → Classical Persian: پور (pūr)
    Dari: پور (pūr)
    
    Iranian Persian: پور (pūr)
    
    Tajik: пур (pur)
- Khwarezmian: پر (pr /⁠*pir ~ *pər⁠/)
- Sogdian: (/⁠pəšē ~ pišē ~ piθrē⁠/)
  Sogdian script: 𐼾𐽁𐼷 (pšy), 𐼾𐼷𐼹𐽀𐼰𐼸 (pyδrʾk)
  
  Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫢𐫏 (pšy)
  
  Syriac script: ܦܝܯܪܐܟ (pyδrʾk)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: پسگ (pussag)
- Northern Kurdish: pis (as in pismam, "uncle's son, male cousin"), por (as in pispor, "specialist")
- Parthian: (/⁠puhr⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡 (pwhr)
  
  Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭁𐭓𐭉 (BRY)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠puhr ~ buhr⁠/)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭥𐭤𐭫 (pwhl)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: (pwhl)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎱𐎢𐏂 (p-u-ç /⁠puça⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠pus, pusar⁠/)
    Middle Persian: 𐭡𐭥𐭤 (BRE)
    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫇𐫘 (pws), 𐫛𐫇𐫘𐫡 (pwsr)
    Book Pahlavi script: (pws), (BRE); (pwsl), (BREl)
    - Classical Persian: پس (pus), پسر (pusar)
      Dari: پس (pus), پسر (pesar)
      Iranian Persian: پس (pos), پسر (pesar)
      Tajik: пус (pus), писар (pisar)
    - Kumzari: پس (pas)
    - Lari: پس (pus) , پسر (pusar)

References

^
^{The template Template:R:iir:Kummel:2014 does not use the parameter(s): 2=*puθra-
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2014) “The development of laryngeals in Indo-Iranian”, in The Sound of Indo-European‎, volume 3, Opava, page 4

[1] {The template Template:R:iir:Kummel:2014 does not use the parameter(s): 2=*puθra-
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2014) “The development of laryngeals in Indo-Iranian”, in The Sound of Indo-European‎, volume 3, Opava, page 4

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/puθráh

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