Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/tr̥fšah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms

*tr̥špah (metathesized)^[1]^[2]

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥psas, from Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to congeal; to curdle”), whence Lithuanian tirpstù, tir̃pti (“to coagulate, stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), perhaps Proto-Germanic *þerbaz (“unleavened”).

Adjective

*tr̥fšah^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

sour, acidic

Related terms

*tr̥práh (“buttermilk, whey”)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Wakhi: trəṣ̌p
- Yagnobi: тишпа (tíšpa)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *təršp
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *təršp
    - Munji: (tᵊrəšpá)
    - Yidgha: (trišp)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *tux̌p
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *tux̌p
      - Sarikoli: tыx̌p, tůx̌p
      - Shughni: тух̌п m (tux̌p), тах̌п f (tax̌p)
    - Yazghulami: тах̌п (tax̌p)
- >? Ormuri: (tōf)^[6]
- >? Pashto: تریو m (tríw), (tərwa), f (trawa, “sour; buttermilk”) (or < *tiwráh, cf. Sanskrit तीव्र (tīvrá, “strong, sharp, heavy, pungent”)^[7])
  - →? Waneci: (tərəw)^[7]^[6]
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: ترشپ (trušp)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫎𐫡𐫏𐫜𐫢 (ṯryfš /⁠trifš⁠/)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: tirş
  
  Central Kurdish: تِرش (tirş)
- Gilaki: ترش (turš)
- Mazanderani: ترش (terš)
- Zazaki: tirş
Southwestern Iranian:
- Northern Luri: تؤرش (torš)
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi script: (trwš /⁠truš⁠/), (trwpš /⁠trufš⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: ترش (tur(u)š)
    Dari: ترش (tur(u)š)
    
    Iranian Persian: ترش (tor(o)š)
    
    Tajik: турш (turš), туруш (turuš)
    - → Pashto: تروش (trúš), ترش (tróš)
    - → Waneci: (trūž)^[8]
    - → Ishkashimi: (trəš), (tᵊrüš), (tᵊruš), (truš)^[9]
    - → Sanglechi: (tɛrəṣ̌)^[9]
→? Russian: терпкий (terpkij)^[10]

References

^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “trəṣ̌p”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 360
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 67
^
^{The template Template:R:ira:LMPPW does not use the parameter(s): 1=tryfš
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Henning, W. (1937) “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎, volume 9, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR, page 88
^ Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “tār²”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 387
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “triw”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 11: Supplementary notes on Ormuri”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “trix”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “trix”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “tɛ'rəṣ̌”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 416
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “trɪšp”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 256

[ESVJa-1] Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “trəṣ̌p”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 360

[IIFL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 67

[3] {The template Template:R:ira:LMPPW does not use the parameter(s): 1=tryfš
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Henning, W. (1937) “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎, volume 9, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR, page 88

[4] Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “tār²”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 387

[5] Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “triw”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN

[ID-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 11: Supplementary notes on Ormuri”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[NEVP-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “trix”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN

[8] Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “trix”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN

[IIFL_tɛrəṣ̌-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “tɛ'rəṣ̌”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 416

[10] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “trɪšp”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 256

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