Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/haβēō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-
Proto-Italic *haβēō
See Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- for discussion.
Verb
*haβēō
Conjugation
| Inflection of *haβēō (second conjugation stative) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *haβēō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | *haβetos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *haβēō | *haβēōr |
| 2nd sing. | *haβēs | *haβēzo |
| 3rd sing. | *haβēt | *haβētor |
| 1st plur. | *haβēmos | *haβēmor |
| 2nd plur. | *haβētes | *haβēm(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *haβēnt | *haβēntor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *haβēām | *haβēār |
| 2nd sing. | *haβēās | *haβēāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *haβēād | *haβēātor |
| 1st plur. | *haβēāmos | *haβēāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *haβēātes | *haβēām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *haβēānd | *haβēāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *haβē | *haβēzo |
| 2nd plur. | *haβēte | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *haβētōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *haβēnts | *haβetos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *haβetum | *haβēzi | |
Reconstruction notes
- The -b- instead of -f- in Umbrian is a mystery. Reconstructing -b- at the Proto-Italic level implies an -b- at a Proto-Indo-European level, but *b was marginal to nonexistent that far back.
- Untermann attributes the odd consonant alternations in this verb, its relatives, and *kapjō to the confusion of multiple semantically related words together, but he does not specify which words.[1]
Derived terms
Descendants
- Latin: habeō (see there for further descendants)
- Umbrian: 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌀 (habia, 3sg. pres. subj.), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄𐌕𐌖 (habetu), habitu (3sg. imp.), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌖 (habetutu), habituto (3pl. imp.), habiest (3sg. fut.), habus (3sg. fut. perf.), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄 (habe), habe (3sg. pres.)
References
- ^ Untermann, Jürgen (2000) “U. habia”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 313