Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kelnō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise”), via either:^[1]

A nasal present *kl̥-né-H-ti ~ *kl̥-n-H-énti?
A dental present *kelH-dʰh₁eti?

Verb

*kelnō

to rise

Conjugation

Inflection of *kelnō (third conjugation)
Present	*kelnō
Perfect	*kekolai
Aorist	—
Past participle	*kelssos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*kelnō	*kelnōr
2nd sing.	*kelnes	*kelnezo
3rd sing.	*kelnet	*kelnetor
1st plur.	*kelnomos	*kelnomor
2nd plur.	*kelnetes	*kelnem(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*kelnont	*kelnontor

Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*kelnām	*kelnār
2nd sing.	*kelnās	*kelnāzo
3rd sing.	*kelnād	*kelnātor
1st plur.	*kelnāmos	*kelnāmor
2nd plur.	*kelnātes	*kelnām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*kelnānd	*kelnāntor

Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	*kekolai
2nd sing.	*kekolistai?
3rd sing.	*kekolei
1st plur.	*kekolme?
2nd plur.	*kekole
3rd plur.	*kekolēri

Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*kelne	*kelnezo
2nd plur.	*kelnete	—

Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*kelnetōd

Participles	Present	Past
	*kelnents	*kelssos

Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*kelssum	*kelnezi

Derived terms

*eks-kelnō
- Latin: excellō (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ South Picene: 𐌄𐌟𐌄𐌋𐌔𐌉𐌕 (eśelsit, “they erect”, 3pl. pres.) (derivative of past participle)

Descendants

⇒ Latin: praecellō, antecellō

References

^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 173

[1] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 173

[1]