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 This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise”), via either:

  • A nasal present *kl̥-né-H-ti ~ *kl̥-n-H-énti?
  • A dental present *kelH-dʰh₁eti?

Verb

*kelnō

  1. to rise

Conjugation

Inflection of *kelnō (third conjugation)
Present *kelnō
Perfect *kekolai
Aorist —
Past participle *kelssos
Present indicative Active Passive
1st sing. *kelnō *kelnōr
2nd sing. *kelnes *kelnezo
3rd sing. *kelnet *kelnetor
1st plur. *kelnomos *kelnomor
2nd plur. *kelnetes *kelnem(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur. *kelnont *kelnontor
Present subjunctive Active Passive
1st sing. *kelnām *kelnār
2nd sing. *kelnās *kelnāzo
3rd sing. *kelnād *kelnātor
1st plur. *kelnāmos *kelnāmor
2nd plur. *kelnātes *kelnām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur. *kelnānd *kelnāntor
Perfect indicative Active
1st sing. *kekolai
2nd sing. *kekolistai?
3rd sing. *kekolei
1st plur. *kekolme?
2nd plur. *kekole
3rd plur. *kekolēri
Aorist indicative Active
1st sing. —
2nd sing. —
3rd sing. —
1st plur. —
2nd plur. —
3rd plur. —
Present imperative Active Passive
2nd sing. *kelne *kelnezo
2nd plur. *kelnete —
Future imperative Active
2nd + 3rd sing. *kelnetōd
Participles Present Past
*kelnents *kelssos
Verbal nouns tu-derivative s-derivative
*kelssum *kelnezi

Derived terms

  • *eks-kelnō
    • Latin: excellō (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ South Picene: 𐌄𐌟𐌄𐌋𐌔𐌉𐌕 (eśelsit, “they erect”, 3pl. pres.) (derivative of past participle)

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 173
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