Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/petkāō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”), a formation of *ped- (“foot; to walk”) + *-ko- (“suffix denoting faults”), analogous to Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”) and caecus (“blind”). However, no allusions to the concept of feet are found in the Italic word's descendants, and secondary connotations of "to make a faux pas" are figuratively better explained with an Italic word for "walking" (such as Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”)) than with *ped-, which does not denote "walking" in Italic.
Leumann, in contrast, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”), from *pet- (“to fall”). This is semantically more tenable, though the addition of *-ko- is rather odd.[1]
Verb
*petkāō first-singular present indicative
- to sin
Conjugation
| Inflection of *petkāō (first conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *petkāō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | *petkātos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *petkāō | *petkāōr |
| 2nd sing. | *petkās | *petkāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *petkāt | *petkātor |
| 1st plur. | *petkāmos | *petkāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *petkātes | *petkām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *petkānt | *petkāntor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *petkāēm? | *petkāēr? |
| 2nd sing. | *petkāēs? | *petkāēzo? |
| 3rd sing. | *petkāēd? | *petkāētor? |
| 1st plur. | *petkāēmos? | *petkāēmor? |
| 2nd plur. | *petkāētes? | *petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)? |
| 3rd plur. | *petkāēnd? | *petkāēntor? |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *petkā | *petkāzo |
| 2nd plur. | *petkāte | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *petkātōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *petkānts | *petkātos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *petkātum | *petkāzi | |
Descendants
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453