Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/pana

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 This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

Noun

*pana

  1. flower
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 花 (pana)
    • Japanese: 花 (hana)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *pana
    • Northern Ryukyuan: 파나 (/⁠faɁ.na⁠/) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469–1470)
      • Kikai:
        Aden: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
        Araki: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
        Kamikatetsu: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
        Nakasato: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
        Onotsu: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
        Sakamine: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
        Shiomichi: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
        Shitōke: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
        Wan: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
      • Kunigami:
        Hentona: 花 (fana)
        Iejima: 花 (phanā) (tone class B)
        Iheya: 花 (fanā) (tone class B)
        Kin: 花 (hānā) (tone class B)
        Nago: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
        Nakijin-Yonamine: 花 (phanā) (tone class B)
        Sakimotobu: 花 (fana) (tone class B)
        Sesoko: 花 (fanā) (tone class B)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima:
        Naze: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
        Yamatohama: 花 (hana)
      • Okinawan:
        Itoman: 花 (hana)
        Naha: 花 (hana)
        Shuri: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
      • Okinoerabu:
        China: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)
        Kamishiro: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
        Serikaku: 花 (hanā)
        Tetechina: 花 (hana)
        Wadomari: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)
      • Southern Amami Ōshima:
        Koniya: 花 (fana)
        Shodon: 花 (hana) (tone class BC)
      • Tokunoshima:
        Asama: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)
        Kametsu: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
        San: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
      • Yoron: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako:
        Bora: 花 (pana)
        Hirara: 花 (pana)
        Ikema: 花 (hana)
        Nishihara: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
        Irabu: 花 (pana)
        Karimata: 花 (pana)
        Kuninaka: 花 (pana)
        Minna: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
        Nagahama: 花 (pana)
        Nakachi: 花 (pana)
        Nobaru: 花 (pana)
        Ōgami: 花 (pana)
        Ōura: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
        Shimajiri: 花 (pana)
        Shiokawa: 花 (pana)
        Tarama: 花 (pana)
        Nakasuji: 花 (pana) (tone class A/B)
        Uechi: 花 (pana)
        Yonaha: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
      • Yaeyama:
        Aragusuku: 花 (pana)
        Hateruma: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
        Hatoma: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
        Ishigaki: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
        Kabira: 花 (pana)
        Kohama: 花 (pana)
        Kuroshima: 花 (pana)
        Sonai: 花 (pana)
        Taketomi: 花 (hənə) (tone class BC)
      • Yonaguni: 花 (hana) (tone class B)

Etymology 2

Noun

*pana

  1. nose
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 鼻 (pana)
    • Japanese: 鼻 (hana)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *pana
    • Northern Ryukyuan: 파나 (/⁠pʰana⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)
      • Kikai:
        Aden: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)
        Araki: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
        Kamikatetsu: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
        Nakasato: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
        Onotsu: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
        Shiomichi: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)
        Shitōke: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
        Wan: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
      • Kunigami:
        Hentona: 鼻 (fana)
        Iejima: 鼻 (phana) (tone class AC)
        Iheya: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
        Kin: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
        Nago: 鼻 (phana) (tone class A)
        Nakijin-Yonamine: 鼻 (phanā) (tone class A)
        Oku: 鼻 (pana)
        Sakimotobu: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
        Sesoko: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
        Sumuide: 鼻 (pana)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima:
        Isu: 鼻 (fana)
        Kasari-Tekebu: 鼻 (fana)
        Naze: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB (however, with <LF> accent instead of expected <LH>)
        Sumiyō: 鼻 (fana)
        Yamato: 鼻 (hana)
        Yamatohama: 鼻 (hana)
        Yuwan: 鼻 (hana)
      • Okinawan:
        Itoman: 鼻 (hana)
        Nago: 鼻 (fana)
        Naha: 鼻 (hana)
        Shuri: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
        Yara: 鼻 (hana)
      • Okinoerabu:
        China: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
        Kamishiro: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
        Serikaku: 鼻 (hanā)
        Tetechina: 鼻 (hana)
        Wadomari: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
      • Southern Amami Ōshima:
        Koniya: 鼻 (fana, hana)
        Shodon: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
      • Tokunoshima:
        Asama: 鼻 (hanā) (tone class A)
        Inō: 鼻 (hana)
        Kametsu: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
        San: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
      • Yoron: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako:
        Bora: 鼻 (pana)
        Hirara: 鼻 (pana)
        Ikema: 鼻 (hana)
        Nishihara: 鼻 (hana) (tone class B)
        Irabu: 鼻 (pana)
        Karimata: 鼻 (pana)
        Kuninaka: 鼻 (pana)
        Minna: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
        Nagahama: 鼻 (pana)
        Nakachi: 鼻 (pana)
        Nobaru: 鼻 (pana)
        Ōgami: 鼻 (pana)
        Ōura: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)
        Sarahama: 鼻 (hana)
        Sawada: 鼻 (pana)
        Shimajiri: 鼻 (pana)
        Shiokawa: 鼻 (pana)
        Tarama: 鼻 (pana)
        Nakasuji: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
        Uechi: 鼻 (pana)
        Yonaha: 鼻 (pana)
      • Yaeyama:
        Hateruma: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
        Hatoma: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
        Ishigaki: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
        Kabira: 鼻 (pana)
        Kohama: 鼻 (pana)
        Kuroshima: 鼻 (hənə)
        Sonai: 鼻 (pana)
        Taketomi: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
      • Yonaguni: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Etymology 3

Noun

*pana

  1. edge, end
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 端 (pana)
    • Japanese: 端 (hana)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *pana
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai:
        • Aden: 端 (fana)
      • Kunigami:
        Iejima: 端 (phana) (tone class AC)
        Nakijin-Yonamine: 端 (phanā) (tone class A)
      • Okinawan:
        Naha: 端 (hana)
        Shuri: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
      • Okinoerabu:
        China: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
        Wadomari: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
      • Tokunoshima:
        Asama: 端 (hanā) (tone class A)
        Kametsu: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
      • Yoron: 端 (pana) (tone class B)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako:
        Hirara: 端 (pana)
        Ikema: 端 (hana)
        Nishihara: 端 (hana) (tone class B)
        Minna: 端 (pana) (tone class A)
        Nagahama: 端 (pana)
        Nakachi: 端 (pana)
        Tarama:
        Nakasuji: 端 (pana)
      • Yaeyama:
        Hateruma: 端 (pana) (tone class A)
        Hatoma: 端 (pana) (tone class A)
        Ishigaki: 端 (hana, pana) (tone class A)
        Taketomi: 端 (pənə)
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