Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Austronesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”).

• IPA^(key): /buŋa/

*buŋa

1. flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)

• Proto-Philippine: *buŋa
  • Proto-Northern Luzon
    • Dupaningan Agta: bunga (“fruit”)
    • Ilocano: bunga (“fruit”)
  • Proto-Central Cordilleran
    • Limos Kalinga: bunga (“fruit”)
    • Lubuagan Kalinga: bunga (“fruit”)
  • Greater Central Philippine
    • Central Philippine
      • Bikol Central: bunga (“fruit”)
      • Tagalog: bunga (“fruit; result; areca”)
      • Proto-Bisayan
        • Cebuano: bunga (“fruit; nut; a yield; an offspring”)
        • Tausug: bunga (“fruit”)
• Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  • Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    • Balinese: ᬩᬸᬗ (bunga, “flower; interest (finance)”)
    • Sasak: ᬩᬸᬗ (bunga)
  • Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    • Proto-Malayic:
      • Brunei Malay: bunga (“flower; interest (finance)”)
      • Iban: bungai (“flower”)
      • Malay: bunga (“flower”)
        • Indonesian: bunga (“flower; interest (finance)”)
      • Minangkabau: bungo (“flower”)
• Old Javanese: woṅa (“flower”), wuṅa (“flower”)
• Palauan: bung
• Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Proto-Oceanic: *puŋa (“flower; bossom”)
      • Proto-Polynesian:
        • Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
          • Samoan: fuga (“flower”)
          • Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
            • Maori: pua (“to bloom, foaming, flower”)
            • Hawaiian: pua (“flower”)
            • Rapa Nui: pua (“flower”)
            • Tahitian: pua (“flower”)
• North Bornean
  • Southwest Sabahan
    • Central Dusun: bunga (“flower”)
• Barrier Islands–Batak
  • Nias: bunga
• Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge, lit. 'stone bloom'”)
  • Proto-Oceanic: *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”)
    • Fijian: vuga
      • Proto-Polynesian: *puŋa (“coral rock”)
        • Tongan: punga (“coral”)
        • Samoan: puga (“coral”)
        • Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
          • Tahitian: puʻa (“coral, lime”)
          • Maori: punga (“coral, anchor”), pungapunga (“pumice”),
          • Hawaiian: puna (“coral, lime, calcium”)

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *buŋa