Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qaʀəm

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 This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qaʀəm.

Pronunciation

Noun

*qaʀəm

  1. pangolin, scaly anteater

Descendants

  • Basap–Greater Barito:
    • Basap: arem
    • East Barito:
      • Northeast:
        • Benuaq: ayapm
        • Paser: ayom
        • Tawoyan: ayem
      • Southeast:
    • Mahakam:
      • Tunjung: ahapm
    • West Barito:
      • Kadorih: ahom
      • Ngaju: ahem
  • Land Dayak:
    • Bidayuh–Rejang:
      • Biatah Bidayuh: ūūm
      • Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: ūhūm
      • Hliboi: uopm
      • Sungkung: ɨɨpm
  • Kayanic: *ahəm
    • Kayan–Murik:
      • Kayan:
        • Bahau: aam
        • Busang Kayan: ham
        • Wahau Kayan: ham
      • Murik–Merap:
        • Ngorek: am
    • Segai–Modang:
      • Modang:
      • Segai:
  • North Borneo:
    • Central Sarawak:
      • Melanau–Kajang:
        • Kajang:
        • Melanau:
      • Punan–Müller-Schwaner:
        • Müller-Schwaner (Punan): *aham
        • Punan: *ayam
          • Bukat: eam, ayəm
          • Punan Bah-Biau: am
          • Punan Tubu: am
          • Ukit: ayam
    • Proto-North Sarawak:
      • Berawan–Lower Baram:
        • Berawan:
          • Batu Belah: am
          • Long Jegan: akem
        • Lower Baram:
          • Kiput: arəm
      • Dayic (Apo Duat):
      • Kenyah: *aham
        • Highland A:
          • Lepoʼ Gah: aam
          • Lepoʼ Laang: aam
          • Lepoʼ Sawa: aam
        • Highland B:
          • Badeng: aam
          • Lepoʼ Tau: aam
        • Lowland:
          • Eastern:
            • Umaʼ Pawe: aam
          • Western:
            • Lebo' Vo': aam
            • Penan:
              • Eastern Penan: aham
              • Western Penan: aam

Further reading

  • Alexander D. Smith, 2017, The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
  • Blust, R., Trussel, S. (2010–) Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition‎
  • Wolff, J. U. (2010) Proto-Austronesian Phonology with Glossary, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications
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