Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/śapat-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
From Proto-Afroasiatic *śapat-. Cognate with Egyptian spt.
Noun
*śapat- f
Inflection
Declension of *śapat-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *śapatum | *śapatāna | *śapātum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *śapatim | *śapatayna | *śapātim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *śapatam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *śapatī / *śapatVya | — | *śapatVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *śapatVka | *śapatVkumā / *śapatVkumay | *śapatVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *śapatVki | *śapatVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *śapatVšu | *śapatVšumā / *śapatVšumay | *śapatVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *śapatVša | *śapatVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *śapatuya for nom. case, *śapatiya for gen. case, *śapataya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *śapat-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *śapat-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒅻 (šaptum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: شَفَة (šafa)
- Maltese: xoffa
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic:
- Western Neo-Aramaic: ܣܶܦܬܳܐ (sep̄ṯa)
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: סיפוותה
- Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܣܝܦܘܐܬܐ
- Jewish Literary Aramaic: סִיפְתָּא (sip̄tā)
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סִיפְתָּא (sip̄tā), שִׂיפְתָּא (śip̄tā)
- Classical Syriac: ܣܶܦܬܳܐ (sep̄ṯā)
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: שָׂפָה (safá, śāfâ)
- Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎔𐎚 (špt /šapatu/)
- Aramaic:
- Arabic: شَفَة (šafa)
- Central Semitic:
- →? Old Armenian: շուրթն (šurtʻn)
Further reading
- Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 235–237