Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/kalb-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
Diakonoff argues that the *-b of the root is likely a fossilized nominal class suffix pertaining to “harmful animals”, comparing Proto-Semitic *ḏiʔb- (“wolf”) as well as *ʕaḳrab- (“scorpion”), *ṯaʕlab- (“fox”), *dubb- (“bear”) and *ʔarnab- (“hare”).[1]
Noun
*kalb- m
Inflection
Declension of *kalb-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kalbum | *kalbāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *kalbim | *kalbayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *kalbam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *kalbī / *kalbVya | — | *kalbVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *kalbVka | *kalbVkumā / *kalbVkumay | *kalbVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *kalbVki | *kalbVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *kalbVšu | *kalbVšumā / *kalbVšumay | *kalbVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *kalbVša | *kalbVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kalbuya for nom. case, *kalbiya for gen. case, *kalbaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *kalb-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *kalb-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒌨 (kalbum)
- West Semitic:
References
- Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag
- Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN
- ^ Diakonoff, Igor M. (1988) Afrasian Languages (Languages of Asia and Africa), Moscow: Nauka, page 57.