Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/glaŋ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *glaŋ (Matisoff, STEDT)

*glaŋ

1. ox
2. elephant

• Tibeto-Burman
  • Sal
    • Bodo-Garo
      • Kokborok: bɔ-lɔʔ (“ox”)
    • Jingpho-Luish
      • Jingpho: wă⁵⁵ loŋ⁵¹ (“cowshed”)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Western Himalayish
    • Bodic
      • Tshangla: laŋ (“ox”)
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: གླང (glang, “ox”)
      • Lepcha
        • Lepcha: lóng (“ox”)
• Qiangic
  • Gyalrongic
    • Tangut: (khjwar, “old ox”)
    • Horpa: ʁloŋ (lu) (“year of the ox”)
  • Guiqiong: lɑ̃⁵⁵ (“year of the ox”)
  • Ersu: laŋ⁵³ (lu̵⁵³) (“year of the ox”)
  • Muya: lɑ⁵³ (ɣu²⁴) (“year of the ox”)
  • Northern Pumi: lɑ̃⁵⁵ (“year of the ox”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Loloish
      • Northern Loloish
        • Nuosu: ꇌ (le, “ox”)
        • Lisu: la²¹ næ³³ (“black ox”)
• Karenic
  • S'gaw Karen: (glɔ³¹, “year of the ox”)

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *glaŋ (Matisoff, STEDT)

*glaŋ

1. poplar
2. willow

• Old Chinese: 楊／杨 (yáng) /*laŋ/ (B-S & ZS)
  • Middle Chinese: 楊／杨 (yáng) /jɨɐŋ/
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (yáng, /i̯ɑŋ³⁵/, “poplar”)
    • Yue
      • Cantonese: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (/jœːŋ²¹/, “poplar”)
  • Min Nan
    • Xiamen: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (/iũ²⁴/, “poplar”)
    • Zhangzhou: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (/iõ¹³/, “poplar”)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: ལྕང་མ (lcang ma, “willow”)