Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/r-paj

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This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *r-paj (Matisoff, STEDT); *paj ⪤ *plaj (Matisoff, 1978)

In Jingpho the word for spleen is represented by compounds like kanpai, hkumpai ~ kumpai ~ gumpai, hkinpai and sinpai, in which the first element appears to be a body-part classifier and the second is the reflex of PTB *r-paj itself. In these compounds, the morpheme kan means “stomach” when it occurs in isolation, while hkum ~ kum ~ gum is a generic body-part classifier, probably from PTB *(k/g)um (back, body). The last compound seems to be formed by the word sin, meaning “liver”.

Particular attention must be paid to distinguish between direct cognates of this root in Sino-Tibetan languages and the borrowing from Sanskrit प्लिहन् (plihan, spleen) or Bengali প্লীহা (pliha, spleen), coming from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)pl̥ȷ́ʰā́ ~ (s)plīȷ́ʰā́, which is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)plenǵʰ- (spleen), that in turn gave rise to Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn) and English spleen, but which doesn't seem related to PTB *r-paj.

Finally, this root is similar to PTB *r-(p/b)al (spleen), which, apart from a phonetic resemblance, shares the same meaning with the root *r-paj.

Noun

*r-paj

  1. spleen

Descendants

  • Old Chinese: () /*m-[p]e/ (B-S), /*be/ (ZS) ("spleen")
    • Middle Chinese: () bjie, /biᴇ/
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**:

Japanese:  (, ​hi)
Korean:  (, bi)
Vietnamese:  ()

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: (, /pʰi³⁵/, spleen)
        • Cantonese: /pʰei̯²¹/
        • Wu: /b̻i²³/
        • Hakka: /pi¹¹/, /pʰi¹¹/
    • Min Nan: /pʰi¹³/
  • Tani
    • Western Tani
      • Galo: pi ko (Das Gupta, 1963)
  • Angami-Pochuri
    • Angami
      • Angami Naga: upri, /u˧.pɻi˩/
  • Sal
    • Bodo-Garo
      • Bodo
        • Kokborok: poli, /pɔli/
      • Garo: /pilai/
    • Kachin-Luic
  • Newar: अम्पि (ampi)
  • Tangut-Qiang
    • Northern Tangut
      • Tangut: 𗮶 (*pjwɨ̱r², spleen)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese:
      *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ (Matisoff, 2003)

See also