Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ědъkъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From *ědъ (“poison”) + *-ъkъ. Further origin disputed between:
- < Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”) if originally referring to “biting, rodent”. Such a meaning is attested in Lithuanian ėdùs, ėdantis.
- < Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite, to burn”) if originally conveying “burning, caustic”.
Adjective
*ědъkъ
- acrid, caustic, corrosive (for substance)
- pungent, tart, bitter (for taste)
- (figurative) sarcastic, spiteful (for behaviour, words)
Declension
Indefinite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ědъkъ | *ědъka | *ědъko |
| genitive | *ědъka | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| dative | *ědъku | *ědъkě | *ědъku |
| accusative | *ědъkъ | *ědъkǫ | *ědъko |
| instrumental | *ědъkomь | *ědъkojǫ | *ědъkomь |
| locative | *ědъkě | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| vocative | *ědъke | *ědъko | *ědъko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| genitive | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| dative | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| accusative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| instrumental | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| locative | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| vocative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| genitive | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ |
| dative | *ědъkomъ | *ědъkamъ | *ědъkomъ |
| accusative | *ědъky | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| instrumental | *ědъky | *ědъkami | *ědъky |
| locative | *ědъkěxъ | *ědъkaxъ | *ědъkěxъ |
| vocative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
Definite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| genitive | *ědъkajego | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkajego |
| dative | *ědъkujemu | *ědъkěji | *ědъkujemu |
| accusative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkoje |
| instrumental | *ědъkyjimь | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkyjimь |
| locative | *ědъkějemь | *ědъkěji | *ědъkějemь |
| vocative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| genitive | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| dative | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| accusative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| instrumental | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| locative | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| vocative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkaja |
| genitive | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ |
| dative | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ |
| accusative | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkaja |
| instrumental | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi |
| locative | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ |
| vocative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkaja |
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Slovak: jedký
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 47
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “jedek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
- “ėdus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
Etymology 2
From *ěsti (“to eat”) + *-ъkъ, cognate with Lithuanian ėdrùs (“edacious”). Trubačev (ESSJa) treats this sense as a variation of Etymology 1.
Adjective
*ědъkъ
Declension
Indefinite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ědъkъ | *ědъka | *ědъko |
| genitive | *ědъka | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| dative | *ědъku | *ědъkě | *ědъku |
| accusative | *ědъkъ | *ědъkǫ | *ědъko |
| instrumental | *ědъkomь | *ědъkojǫ | *ědъkomь |
| locative | *ědъkě | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| vocative | *ědъke | *ědъko | *ědъko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| genitive | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| dative | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| accusative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| instrumental | *ědъkoma | *ědъkama | *ědъkoma |
| locative | *ědъku | *ědъku | *ědъku |
| vocative | *ědъka | *ědъkě | *ědъkě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| genitive | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ | *ědъkъ |
| dative | *ědъkomъ | *ědъkamъ | *ědъkomъ |
| accusative | *ědъky | *ědъky | *ědъka |
| instrumental | *ědъky | *ědъkami | *ědъky |
| locative | *ědъkěxъ | *ědъkaxъ | *ědъkěxъ |
| vocative | *ědъki | *ědъky | *ědъka |
Definite declension of *ědъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| genitive | *ědъkajego | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkajego |
| dative | *ědъkujemu | *ědъkěji | *ědъkujemu |
| accusative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkoje |
| instrumental | *ědъkyjimь | *ědъkǫjǫ | *ědъkyjimь |
| locative | *ědъkějemь | *ědъkěji | *ědъkějemь |
| vocative | *ědъkъjь | *ědъkaja | *ědъkoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| genitive | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| dative | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| accusative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| instrumental | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima | *ědъkyjima |
| locative | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju | *ědъkuju |
| vocative | *ědъkaja | *ědъkěji | *ědъkěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkaja |
| genitive | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ | *ědъkъjixъ |
| dative | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ | *ědъkyjimъ |
| accusative | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkaja |
| instrumental | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi | *ědъkyjimi |
| locative | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ | *ědъkyjixъ |
| vocative | *ědъkiji | *ědъkyję̇ | *ědъkaja |
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 47