Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/šibati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ-. Cognate with Sanskrit क्षिपति (kṣipáti, “to swing, to throw”), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬡𐬭𐬀 (xšuuiβra), 𐬑𐬱𐬋𐬌𐬡𐬭𐬀 (xšōiβra, “fast, quick”), Old Norse sveipa (“to sweep, to swing”), Old English swāpan (“to sweep, to swing”), English sweep, swoop, Old High German sweifan (“to wind”).

Verb

*šibati

to whip

Inflection

Conjugation of *šibati, *šiba, *šibajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*šibanьje	*šibati	*šibatъ	*šibalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*šibanъ	*šibajemъ
Active	*šibavъ	*šibaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*šibaxъ	*šiba	*šiba	*šibajǫ	*šibaješi	*šibajetь
Dual	*šibaxově	*šibasta	*šibaste	*šibajevě	*šibajeta	*šibajete
Plural	*šibaxomъ	*šibaste	*šibašę	*šibajemъ	*šibajete	*šibajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*šibaaxъ	*šibaaše	*šibaaše	—	*šibaji	*šibaji
Dual	*šibaaxově	*šibaašeta	*šibaašete	*šibajivě	*šibajita	—
Plural	*šibaaxomъ	*šibaašete	*šibaaxǫ	*šibajimъ	*šibajite	—

Derived terms

*šȋbъkъ

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: шибати (šibati, “to beat, to hit”)
  - Belarusian: шыба́ць (šybácʹ)
  - Russian: шиба́ть (šibátʹ, “to throw, to hit”), 1sg. шиба́ю (šibáju); -шиби́ть (-šibítʹ, “to hit, to hurt”)
  - Ukrainian: шиба́ти (šybáty, “to throw”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: 3pl. impf. шибаахѫ (šibaaxǫ, “whipped”)
  
  Glagolitic:
- Bulgarian: ши́бам (šíbam, “to whip, to flog”)
- Macedonian: шиба (šiba, “to whip, to flog”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ши̏бати (“to whip, to flog”), 1sg. ши̏ба̄м
  
  Latin: šȉbati (“to whip, to flog”), 1sg. šȉbām
- Slovene: šíbati (“to whip, to flog”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. šȋbam (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: šibat
- Polish: szybać
- Slovak: šibať (“to beat”)
- Sorbian:
  - ⇒ Upper Sorbian: šibały (“playful, roguish”)
  - Lower Sorbian: šyba (“broom, whipping cane”)

References

Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ошиба́ться”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 613
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*šibati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 487
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шиба́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress