Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/živica
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃w- (“to live”).
Indo-European cognates include Old Irish bí (“pitch”), Old Armenian կիւ (kiw, “tree pitch, mastic, chewing gum”).
Noun
*živìca f
Declension
Declension of *živìca (soft a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *živìca | *živici | *živicę̇ |
| genitive | *živicę̇ | *živicu | *živicь |
| dative | *živici | *živicama | *živicamъ |
| accusative | *živicǫ | *živici | *živicę̇ |
| instrumental | *živicejǫ, *živicǫ** | *živicama | *živicami |
| locative | *živici | *živicu | *živicasъ, *živicaxъ* |
| vocative | *živìce | *živici | *živicę̇ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *gojiti (“to treat, to heal”)
- *gojь
- *žiti (“to live”)
- *žito (“grain, corn”)
- *životъ (“life”)
- *živъ (“alive”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → Yiddish: זשיוועצע (zhivetse)
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “живица”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress