Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷih₃wós

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) +‎ *-wós (deverbal adjectival suffix).

Adjective

*gʷih₃wós (non-ablauting)

  1. alive, living

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *gʷih₃wós *gʷih₃wéh₂
genitive *gʷih₃wósyo *gʷih₃wéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷih₃wós *gʷih₃wóh₁ *gʷih₃wóes
vocative *gʷih₃wé *gʷih₃wóh₁ *gʷih₃wóes
accusative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóh₁ *gʷih₃wóms
genitive *gʷih₃wósyo *? *gʷih₃wóHom
ablative *gʷih₃wéad *? *gʷih₃wómos
dative *gʷih₃wóey *? *gʷih₃wómos
locative *gʷih₃wéy, *gʷih₃wóy *? *gʷih₃wóysu
instrumental *gʷih₃wóh₁ *? *gʷih₃wṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷih₃wéh₂ *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) *gʷih₃wéh₂es
vocative *gʷih₃wéh₂ *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) *gʷih₃wéh₂es
accusative *gʷih₃wā́m *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) *gʷih₃wéh₂m̥s
genitive *gʷih₃wéh₂s *? *gʷih₃wéh₂oHom
ablative *gʷih₃wéh₂s *? *gʷih₃wéh₂mos
dative *gʷih₃wéh₂ey *? *gʷih₃wéh₂mos
locative *gʷih₃wéh₂, *gʷih₃wéh₂i *? *gʷih₃wéh₂su
instrumental *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁ *? *gʷih₃wéh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) *gʷih₃wéh₂
vocative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) *gʷih₃wéh₂
accusative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) *gʷih₃wéh₂
genitive *gʷih₃wósyo *? *gʷih₃wóHom
ablative *gʷih₃wéad *? *gʷih₃wómos
dative *gʷih₃wóey *? *gʷih₃wómos
locative *gʷih₃wéy, *gʷih₃wóy *? *gʷih₃wóysu
instrumental *gʷih₃wóh₁ *? *gʷih₃wṓys

Derived terms

Antonyms

Descendants

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *biwos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *kwiwaz, *kwikwaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwos
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰiHwás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *gʷīwos (see there for further descendants)
  • Tocharian:

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bēto-, *biyato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
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