Probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *kalwaz, Latin calvus (“bald, hairless”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, naked”) (reconstructed as *gal- in older literature). Vasmer, Georgiev additionally link it to Latvian gā̀ls (“ice-smooth, slick”), gàla (“frost, thin layer of ice”) from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”) (cf. Proto-Slavic *golъtь, *golotь (“hoarfrost”)).
See the literature for further hypotheses.
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *golъ | *gola | *golo |
genitive | *gola | *goly | *gola |
dative | *golu | *golě | *golu |
accusative | *golъ | *golǫ | *golo |
instrumental | *golomь | *golojǫ | *golomь |
locative | *golě | *golě | *golě |
vocative | *gole | *golo | *golo |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
genitive | *golu | *golu | *golu |
dative | *goloma | *golama | *goloma |
accusative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
instrumental | *goloma | *golama | *goloma |
locative | *golu | *golu | *golu |
vocative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *goli | *goly | *gola |
genitive | *golъ | *golъ | *golъ |
dative | *golomъ | *golamъ | *golomъ |
accusative | *goly | *goly | *gola |
instrumental | *goly | *golami | *goly |
locative | *golěxъ | *golaxъ | *golěxъ |
vocative | *goli | *goly | *gola |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *golъjь | *golaja | *goloje |
genitive | *golajego | *golyję̇ | *golajego |
dative | *golujemu | *golěji | *golujemu |
accusative | *golъjь | *golǫjǫ | *goloje |
instrumental | *golyjimь | *golǫjǫ | *golyjimь |
locative | *golějemь | *golěji | *golějemь |
vocative | *golъjь | *golaja | *goloje |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
genitive | *goluju | *goluju | *goluju |
dative | *golyjima | *golyjima | *golyjima |
accusative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
instrumental | *golyjima | *golyjima | *golyjima |
locative | *goluju | *goluju | *goluju |
vocative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *goliji | *golyję̇ | *golaja |
genitive | *golъjixъ | *golъjixъ | *golъjixъ |
dative | *golyjimъ | *golyjimъ | *golyjimъ |
accusative | *golyję̇ | *golyję̇ | *golaja |
instrumental | *golyjimi | *golyjimi | *golyjimi |
locative | *golyjixъ | *golyjixъ | *golyjixъ |
vocative | *goliji | *golyję̇ | *golaja |