Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьskra
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
Nominalization of an adjective Proto-Slavic *jьskrъ (“bright, stark, vivid”) + *-a, a 0-grade doublet of Proto-Slavic *ěskrъ (whence Polish jaskry and Bulgarian Искър). Likely akin to Lithuanian ýškus (“bright, clear”). If right, then from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀškrāˀ, *áiˀškrāˀ.
The exact Indo-European root is unclear. Comparisons have made with Proto-Germanic *aiskrōną (“to rage”) (whence Icelandic ískra (“to creak”)), Ancient Greek ἐσχάρᾱ (eskhárā, “hearth”) (doubted by Vasmer). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”).
Noun
Alternative forms
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jь̀skra | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skry |
| genitive | *jь̀skry | *jь̀skru | *jь̀skrъ |
| dative | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skrama | *jь̀skramъ |
| accusative | *jь̀skrǫ | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skry |
| instrumental | *jь̀skrojǫ, *jь̀skrǭ** | *jь̀skrama | *jь̀skramī |
| locative | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skru | *jь̀skrasъ, *jь̀skraxъ* |
| vocative | *jь̀skro | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skry |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *jьskriti, *jastriti (“to spark, to emit a spark”)
- *jьskrěti (“to glimmer”)
- *jьskrica (diminutive)
- *jьskravъ, *ěskravъ (“bright, brilliant”)
- *jьskristъ (“sparkling”)
Related terms
- *ěska (“bright light, star”)
- *ěsъ, *ěsa (“clarity”)
- *ěsnъ (“clear, serene”) (from an earlier *ěsknъ)
- *ědъ, *ědmo (“poison, purulence”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Non-Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “и́скра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “jьskra”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 239
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “искра”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 88
- іскра in Горох.ua (етимологія)
- Vladimir Orel (2003) “*aiskrōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 10
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “jiskra”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “iskra”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ji̋skra”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “isker”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *ji̋skrъ”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jь̀skra”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 214: “f. ā (a) ‘spark’”
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “iskër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 155