Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jarъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Possibly cognate to Ancient Greek ζωρός (zōrós, “pure, sheer (of wine)”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *yoHro-.
Adjective
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jaro |
| genitive | *jara | *jary | *jara |
| dative | *jaru | *jarě | *jaru |
| accusative | *jarъ | *jarǫ | *jaro |
| instrumental | *jaromь | *jarojǫ | *jaromь |
| locative | *jarě | *jarě | *jarě |
| vocative | *jare | *jaro | *jaro |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| genitive | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| dative | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| accusative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| instrumental | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| locative | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| vocative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
| genitive | *jarъ | *jarъ | *jarъ |
| dative | *jaromъ | *jaramъ | *jaromъ |
| accusative | *jary | *jary | *jara |
| instrumental | *jary | *jarami | *jary |
| locative | *jarěxъ | *jaraxъ | *jarěxъ |
| vocative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| genitive | *jarajego | *jaryję̇ | *jarajego |
| dative | *jarujemu | *jarěji | *jarujemu |
| accusative | *jarъjь | *jarǫjǫ | *jaroje |
| instrumental | *jaryjimь | *jarǫjǫ | *jaryjimь |
| locative | *jarějemь | *jarěji | *jarějemь |
| vocative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| genitive | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| dative | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| accusative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| instrumental | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| locative | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| vocative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jariji | *jaryję̇ | *jaraja |
| genitive | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ |
| dative | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ |
| accusative | *jaryję̇ | *jaryję̇ | *jaraja |
| instrumental | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi |
| locative | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ |
| vocative | *jariji | *jaryję̇ | *jaraja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Noun
*jȃrъ m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jari |
| genitive | *jara | *jaru | *jarъ |
| dative | *jaru | *jaroma | *jaromъ |
| accusative | *jarъ | *jara | *jary |
| instrumental | *jarъmь, *jaromь* | *jaroma | *jary |
| locative | *jarě | *jaru | *jarěxъ |
| vocative | *jare | *jara | *jari |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗръ (jarŭ, “anger”)
- South Slavic:
Derived terms
- *jariti (“to burn, heat”)
- *jarizna (“astringency”)
- *Jarobojь (given name)
- *Jarobudъ, *Jarobǫdъ (given name)
- *Jarogněvъ (given name)
- *Jaroměrъ, *Jaromirъ (given name)
- *Jaropъlkъ (given name)
- *Jaroslavъ (given name)
- *jarostь (“fury”)
- *jarota (“fury”)
- *jarovitъ (“furious”)
- *jarъkъ (“bright”) (possibly)
References
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “jarъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 178
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “jary II”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 204
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “jarъ jara jaro”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ivrig, hidsig (SA 111; PR 138)”
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ě̑rъ II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 152
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “я́рый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Etymology 2
See *jaro.
Adjective
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jaro |
| genitive | *jara | *jary | *jara |
| dative | *jaru | *jarě | *jaru |
| accusative | *jarъ | *jarǫ | *jaro |
| instrumental | *jaromь | *jarojǫ | *jaromь |
| locative | *jarě | *jarě | *jarě |
| vocative | *jare | *jaro | *jaro |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| genitive | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| dative | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| accusative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| instrumental | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| locative | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| vocative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
| genitive | *jarъ | *jarъ | *jarъ |
| dative | *jaromъ | *jaramъ | *jaromъ |
| accusative | *jary | *jary | *jara |
| instrumental | *jary | *jarami | *jary |
| locative | *jarěxъ | *jaraxъ | *jarěxъ |
| vocative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| genitive | *jarajego | *jaryję̇ | *jarajego |
| dative | *jarujemu | *jarěji | *jarujemu |
| accusative | *jarъjь | *jarǫjǫ | *jaroje |
| instrumental | *jaryjimь | *jarǫjǫ | *jaryjimь |
| locative | *jarějemь | *jarěji | *jarějemь |
| vocative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| genitive | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| dative | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| accusative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| instrumental | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| locative | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| vocative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *jariji | *jaryję̇ | *jaraja |
| genitive | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ |
| dative | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ |
| accusative | *jaryję̇ | *jaryję̇ | *jaraja |
| instrumental | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi |
| locative | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ |
| vocative | *jariji | *jaryję̇ | *jaraja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Noun
- alternative form of *jaro (“spring”)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jari |
| genitive | *jara | *jaru | *jarъ |
| dative | *jaru | *jaroma | *jaromъ |
| accusative | *jarъ | *jara | *jary |
| instrumental | *jarъmь, *jaromь* | *jaroma | *jary |
| locative | *jarě | *jaru | *jarěxъ |
| vocative | *jare | *jara | *jari |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: ꙗр-кокошка (jar-kokoška)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
Derived terms
Notes
The Slavic etymon is homophonous with a Turkic borrowing from Proto-Turkic *yār, attested in East Slavic (Russian яр (jar, “ravine”), Ukrainian яр (jar, “cliff, steep hill”) as in Часів Яр (Časiv Jar, toponym), Ба́бий Яр (Bábyj Jar, toponym)). The two lemmas are etymologically unrelated.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jaro / *jara / *jarъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “jary I”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 204
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “яра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ěro; *ěra; *ěrъ I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151