Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kroma
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Akin to German Schramme (“scratch”), possibly Ancient Greek κρημνός (krēmnós, “river bank”).
Noun
*krōmà f
Usage notes
In a number of daughter languages, the locative case *kromě is used as a preposition with meaning except, but.
Alternative forms
- *kromъ m
Inflection
Declension of *kromà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kromà | *kròmě | *kromỳ |
| genitive | *kromỳ | *kromù | *kròmъ |
| dative | *kromě̀ | *kromàma | *kromàmъ |
| accusative | *kromǫ̀ | *kròmě | *kromỳ |
| instrumental | *kromòjǫ, *kròmǫ** | *kromàma | *kromàmī |
| locative | *kromě̀ | *kromù | *kromàsъ, *kromàxъ* |
| vocative | *kromo | *kròmě | *kromỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *kromъka (diminutive)
- *sъkromъ (“restricted”)
- *sъkromьnъ (“humble, modest”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “крома”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kroma/*kromъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 185
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “скром”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 802
- крома in Горох.ua
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kromě”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b udenfor, pånær (PR 136)”