Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęta
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Most likely cognate with Lithuanian péntis, ùžpentis (“heel, spur”), Old Prussian pentis (“spur”), Latvian piête (all i-stems), therefore, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penˀtā́ˀ. Further origin probably from *pęti (“to stretch”) + *-ta, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to span, to spin”). Favoured by Derksen[1].
Alternatively, related to Proto-Slavic *vъzpętь (“backwards”), *opętь (“again”) and further Pashto پونده (punda) from *penth₂- (“to propagate”). Favoured by Snoj[2].
Noun
Declension
Declension of *pętà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *pętà | *pę̑tě | *pę̑ty |
| genitive | *pętý | *pętù | *pę̃tъ |
| dative | *pętě̀ | *pętàma | *pętàmъ |
| accusative | *pę̑tǫ | *pę̑tě | *pę̑ty |
| instrumental | *pętojǫ́ | *pętàma | *pętàmi |
| locative | *pę̑tě | *pętù | *pętàsъ, *pętàxъ* |
| vocative | *pęto | *pę̑tě | *pę̑ty |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pętà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399: “f. ā (c) ‘heel’”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “péta”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pęta̋”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pęta pęty”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c hæl (PR 138)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пята”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пета”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 191
- Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007