Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/podьlъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *podlъ (possibly, if originally West Slavic)
Etymology
Uncertain. May have had:
- West Slavic origin: From *podъ (“bottom”) + *-lъ, originally implying “low, basely”, later spread to East and South Slavic. Such an origin is synchronically improbable for non-Western branches since there Common *-dl- is rendered as plain *-l-.
- Common Slavic origin: From *podъ (“under”) + *-ьlъ, with the same suffix as Proto-Slavic *světьlъ (“bright”).
- Deadverbial: From Proto-Slavic *podьlě (“along, beside”), equivalent to *po- + *dьlъ (“length”). Compare Czech vedle (“beside, alongside”) → Czech vedlejší (“minor, secondary”) for similar development.
Adjective
- inferior
- low
- Synonyms: *dolьnъ, *nizъkъ
- → dishonest, disrespectful, deceitful (for act/behavior)
- → vile, despicable, wicked (for person)
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *podьlъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *podьlъ | *podьla | *podьlo |
| genitive | *podьla | *podьly | *podьla |
| dative | *podьlu | *podьlě | *podьlu |
| accusative | *podьlъ | *podьlǫ | *podьlo |
| instrumental | *podьlomь | *podьlojǫ | *podьlomь |
| locative | *podьlě | *podьlě | *podьlě |
| vocative | *podьle | *podьlo | *podьlo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *podьla | *podьlě | *podьlě |
| genitive | *podьlu | *podьlu | *podьlu |
| dative | *podьloma | *podьlama | *podьloma |
| accusative | *podьla | *podьlě | *podьlě |
| instrumental | *podьloma | *podьlama | *podьloma |
| locative | *podьlu | *podьlu | *podьlu |
| vocative | *podьla | *podьlě | *podьlě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *podьli | *podьly | *podьla |
| genitive | *podьlъ | *podьlъ | *podьlъ |
| dative | *podьlomъ | *podьlamъ | *podьlomъ |
| accusative | *podьly | *podьly | *podьla |
| instrumental | *podьly | *podьlami | *podьly |
| locative | *podьlěxъ | *podьlaxъ | *podьlěxъ |
| vocative | *podьli | *podьly | *podьla |
Definite declension of *podьlъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *podьlъjь | *podьlaja | *podьloje |
| genitive | *podьlajego | *podьlyję̇ | *podьlajego |
| dative | *podьlujemu | *podьlěji | *podьlujemu |
| accusative | *podьlъjь | *podьlǫjǫ | *podьloje |
| instrumental | *podьlyjimь | *podьlǫjǫ | *podьlyjimь |
| locative | *podьlějemь | *podьlěji | *podьlějemь |
| vocative | *podьlъjь | *podьlaja | *podьloje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *podьlaja | *podьlěji | *podьlěji |
| genitive | *podьluju | *podьluju | *podьluju |
| dative | *podьlyjima | *podьlyjima | *podьlyjima |
| accusative | *podьlaja | *podьlěji | *podьlěji |
| instrumental | *podьlyjima | *podьlyjima | *podьlyjima |
| locative | *podьluju | *podьluju | *podьluju |
| vocative | *podьlaja | *podьlěji | *podьlěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *podьliji | *podьlyję̇ | *podьlaja |
| genitive | *podьlъjixъ | *podьlъjixъ | *podьlъjixъ |
| dative | *podьlyjimъ | *podьlyjimъ | *podьlyjimъ |
| accusative | *podьlyję̇ | *podьlyję̇ | *podьlaja |
| instrumental | *podьlyjimi | *podьlyjimi | *podьlyjimi |
| locative | *podьlyjixъ | *podьlyjixъ | *podьlyjixъ |
| vocative | *podьliji | *podьlyję̇ | *podьlaja |
Derived terms
- *podьlostь (“treachery”)
- *podьlьcь (“scoundrel”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Macedonian: подол (podol)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: pódəł (tonal orthography) (via Czech or Polish)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “подлый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “подлый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 49
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “подъл”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 473
- підлий in Горох.au
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “pódəł”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “verjetno izpeljano iz pslovan. *podъ̏ ‛tla’... Druga možnost je ... iz pslovan. *podьle ‛poleg’”