Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-lъ

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

    Suffix

    *-lъ

    1. From verbs, forms participles
      *kupiti (to buy) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*kupilъ
      *žiti (to live) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*žilъ
      *gъnati (to chase) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*gъnalъ
    2. From intransitive verbs, forms adjectives
      Synonym: *-rъ
      *orsti (to grow) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*orstlъ (tall)
      *mьrznǫti (to freeze) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*mьrzlъ (frozen)
      *mъděti + ‎*-lъ → ‎*mъdьlъ (faint)?
      *pьrěti + ‎*-lъ → ‎*pьrělъ
      *gňiti (to rot) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*gňilъ (rotten)
    3. (rare) From nouns, forms adjectives
      Synonym: *-ьnъ
      *obъ (vicinity, locality) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*obьlъ (round)
      *krǫgъ (circle) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*krǫglъ (round)
      *světъ (light) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*světьlъ (light, bright)?
      *podъ (bottom) + ‎*-lъ → ‎*podьlъ (vile, low)

    Usage notes

    Declension

    Indefinite declension of *-lъ (hard)
    singular masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-lъ *-la *-lo
    genitive *-la *-ly *-la
    dative *-lu *-lě *-lu
    accusative *-lъ *-lǫ *-lo
    instrumental *-lomь *-lojǫ *-lomь
    locative *-lě *-lě *-lě
    vocative *-le *-lo *-lo
    dual masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-la *-lě *-lě
    genitive *-lu *-lu *-lu
    dative *-loma *-lama *-loma
    accusative *-la *-lě *-lě
    instrumental *-loma *-lama *-loma
    locative *-lu *-lu *-lu
    vocative *-la *-lě *-lě
    plural masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-li *-ly *-la
    genitive *-lъ *-lъ *-lъ
    dative *-lomъ *-lamъ *-lomъ
    accusative *-ly *-ly *-la
    instrumental *-ly *-lami *-ly
    locative *-lěxъ *-laxъ *-lěxъ
    vocative *-li *-ly *-la
    Definite declension of *-lъ (hard)
    singular masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-lъjь *-laja *-loje
    genitive *-lajego *-lyję̇ *-lajego
    dative *-lujemu *-lěji *-lujemu
    accusative *-lъjь *-lǫjǫ *-loje
    instrumental *-lyjimь *-lǫjǫ *-lyjimь
    locative *-lějemь *-lěji *-lějemь
    vocative *-lъjь *-laja *-loje
    dual masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-laja *-lěji *-lěji
    genitive *-luju *-luju *-luju
    dative *-lyjima *-lyjima *-lyjima
    accusative *-laja *-lěji *-lěji
    instrumental *-lyjima *-lyjima *-lyjima
    locative *-luju *-luju *-luju
    vocative *-laja *-lěji *-lěji
    plural masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-liji *-lyję̇ *-laja
    genitive *-lъjixъ *-lъjixъ *-lъjixъ
    dative *-lyjimъ *-lyjimъ *-lyjimъ
    accusative *-lyję̇ *-lyję̇ *-laja
    instrumental *-lyjimi *-lyjimi *-lyjimi
    locative *-lyjixъ *-lyjixъ *-lyjixъ
    vocative *-liji *-lyję̇ *-laja

    Derived suffixes

    See also

    Derived terms

    Further reading

    • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “-lъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 103