Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ělъ

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Derived from the fusion of state expressing extension Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti +‎ *-lós. Akin to Latin -ēla. By surface analysis, *-ě- +‎ *-lъ

Suffix

*-ělъ m

  1. From adjectives or ě-theme verbs, forms state nouns (used as a cause for something) or agent nouns denoting a bearer of a state
    *mьrzělъ (“sloth, one who lazes”)← *mьrzъ (“devious, lazy”)
    *mǫtělъ (“clutter, haze”) ← *mǭtiti (“to roil, to stir”)
    *svьrbělъ (“itchy one”) ← *svьrběti (“to itch”)
    *xъrbělъ (“slender one”) ← *xъrběti (“to thin”)
    *ščьrbělъ (“ribby one”) ← *ščьrbiti (“to rib”)

Declension

Declension of *-ělъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ělъ *-ěla *-ěli
genitive *-ěla *-ělu *-ělъ
dative *-ělu *-ěloma *-ělomъ
accusative *-ělъ *-ěla *-ěly
instrumental *-ělъmь, *-ělomь* *-ěloma *-ěly
locative *-ělě *-ělu *-ělěxъ
vocative *-ěle *-ěla *-ěli
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ělъ not found

Suffix

*-ělъ

  1. (originally) From *-ěti verbs, forms participles
    *myslělъ (“thought”) ← *myslěti (“to think”)
    *svьrbělъ (“itched”) ← *svьrběti (“to itch”)

Declension

Indefinite declension of *-ělъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ělъ *-ěla *-ělo
genitive *-ěla *-ěly *-ěla
dative *-ělu *-ělě *-ělu
accusative *-ělъ *-ělǫ *-ělo
instrumental *-ělomь *-ělojǫ *-ělomь
locative *-ělě *-ělě *-ělě
vocative *-ěle *-ělo *-ělo
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ěla *-ělě *-ělě
genitive *-ělu *-ělu *-ělu
dative *-ěloma *-ělama *-ěloma
accusative *-ěla *-ělě *-ělě
instrumental *-ěloma *-ělama *-ěloma
locative *-ělu *-ělu *-ělu
vocative *-ěla *-ělě *-ělě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ěli *-ěly *-ěla
genitive *-ělъ *-ělъ *-ělъ
dative *-ělomъ *-ělamъ *-ělomъ
accusative *-ěly *-ěly *-ěla
instrumental *-ěly *-ělami *-ěly
locative *-ělěxъ *-ělaxъ *-ělěxъ
vocative *-ěli *-ěly *-ěla
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