Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svoboda
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
Etymology
| PIE word |
|---|
| *swé |
From *svobь, from Proto-Indo-European *swo-bʰo-/*swe-bʰo- (synchronically derived from *svojь), + *-oda. Same extension in Latvian atsvabināt (“to free”), Old Prussian subs, Proto-Germanic *swēbaz m, *sibjō f, Latin Sabīnī, Sabellī, Samnium. For the suffix cf. *agoda.
Noun
*svobodà f
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *svobodà | *svȍbodě | *svȍbody |
| genitive | *svobodý | *svobodù | *svobòdъ |
| dative | *svobodě̀ | *svobodàma | *svobodàmъ |
| accusative | *svȍbodǫ | *svȍbodě | *svȍbody |
| instrumental | *svobodojǫ́ | *svobodàma | *svobodàmi |
| locative | *svȍbodě | *svobodù | *svobodàsъ, *svobodàxъ* |
| vocative | *svobodo | *svȍbodě | *svȍbody |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *svobodà | *svobòdě | *svobodỳ |
| genitive | *svobodỳ | *svobodù | *svobòdъ |
| dative | *svobodě̀ | *svobodàma | *svobodàmъ |
| accusative | *svobodǫ̀ | *svobòdě | *svobodỳ |
| instrumental | *svobodòjǫ, *svobòdǫ** | *svobodàma | *svobodàmī |
| locative | *svobodě̀ | *svobodù | *svobodàsъ, *svobodàxъ* |
| vocative | *svobodo | *svobòdě | *svobodỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Related terms
- *svojь, *sebě, *sobojǫ
- *sobь, *soba, *sobьstvo, *sobiti, *osobiti
- *svěně
- *svьstь/*svěstь, *svatъ, *posětiti
Descendants
Some forms feature dissimilation u̯…b > l…b.
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
See also
References
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “свобода”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 148
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “свобода”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “слобода”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Oleg Trubačóv (1959), История славянских терминов родства, page 170f
- August Ahlqvist (1894) August Ahlqvist's Wogulische sprachtexte nebst Entwurf einer wogulischen grammatik aus dem nachlasse des verfassers hrsg, page 36
- Vladimir Žuravljóv (1982) Внешние и внутренние факторы языковой эволюции, page 167, page 166
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “sebjō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429