Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvoriti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twarīˀtei, causative/iterative of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvérti (“to seize, to form”), Latvian tvert (“to seize, to hold”), Lithuanian tvárstyti (“to bandage”), Latvian tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”) (1sg. tvarstu), Lithuanian turė́ti (“to hold”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”), Old Prussian turīt (“to have”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek σορός (sorós, “urn”).

*tvorìti^[1][2][3]

1. to make

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: творити (tvoriti)
    • Old Ruthenian: творити (tvoriti)^[4]
      • Belarusian: твары́ць (tvarýcʹ)
      • Ukrainian: твори́ти (tvorýty)
    • Russian: твори́ть (tvorítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: творити (tvoriti)

    Glagolitic: ⱅⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰻ (tvoriti)

  • Bulgarian: творя́ (tvorjá)
  • Macedonian: твори (tvori)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: тво̀рити

    Latin: tvòriti

  • Slovene: tvọ́riti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: tvořiti
    • Czech: tvořit
  • Old Polish: tworzyć
    • Polish: tworzyć
    • Silesian: tworzić
  • Slovak: tvoriť
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: twòrzëc
    • Slovincian: twôrzëc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: tworić
    • Lower Sorbian: tworiś

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “твори́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 231
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “твори́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress