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Formed as *vapъ(“dye”) + *-ьno; beyond that, of uncertain origin. Supposed to be related to Latvianvãpe(“glaze”), Old Prussianwoapis(“dye”). Other similar lemmas in Indo-European languages, with no certain relation, include Latinvapor(“steam”), Albanianvapë(“hot weather”).
The verb вапсати(vapsati, “to paint”), which has spread among some daughter languages via Church Slavonic, is generally disregarded as a potential relative. The later is derived from the aorist of Ancient Greekβάπτω(báptō, “to soak, to dye”).
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вапно”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вапсам, вапсвам”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 118