Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xromъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Per Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *srómos (?), cognate with Sanskrit श्रम् (śram, “to be weary, tired”). Probably from the 0-grade of Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to wound”) + *-omъ (“present participle suffix”) (otherwise **stromъ would have been expected).
- Per Trubachev, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱrem-, cognate with the Sanskrit term and possibly Proto-Germanic *skramō (“scratch”) (whence German Schramme, Old Norse skrāma (“wound”)). Trubachev further suggests connection to Polish poskromić (“to subdue”).
Adjective
Declension
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *xromъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xromъ | *xroma | *xromo |
| genitive | *xroma | *xromy | *xroma |
| dative | *xromu | *xromě | *xromu |
| accusative | *xromъ | *xromǫ | *xromo |
| instrumental | *xromomь | *xromojǫ | *xromomь |
| locative | *xromě | *xromě | *xromě |
| vocative | *xrome | *xromo | *xromo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| genitive | *xromu | *xromu | *xromu |
| dative | *xromoma | *xromama | *xromoma |
| accusative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| instrumental | *xromoma | *xromama | *xromoma |
| locative | *xromu | *xromu | *xromu |
| vocative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xromi | *xromy | *xroma |
| genitive | *xromъ | *xromъ | *xromъ |
| dative | *xromomъ | *xromamъ | *xromomъ |
| accusative | *xromy | *xromy | *xroma |
| instrumental | *xromy | *xromami | *xromy |
| locative | *xroměxъ | *xromaxъ | *xroměxъ |
| vocative | *xromi | *xromy | *xroma |
Definite declension of *xromъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xromъjь | *xromaja | *xromoje |
| genitive | *xromajego | *xromyję̇ | *xromajego |
| dative | *xromujemu | *xroměji | *xromujemu |
| accusative | *xromъjь | *xromǫjǫ | *xromoje |
| instrumental | *xromyjimь | *xromǫjǫ | *xromyjimь |
| locative | *xromějemь | *xroměji | *xromějemь |
| vocative | *xromъjь | *xromaja | *xromoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| genitive | *xromuju | *xromuju | *xromuju |
| dative | *xromyjima | *xromyjima | *xromyjima |
| accusative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| instrumental | *xromyjima | *xromyjima | *xromyjima |
| locative | *xromuju | *xromuju | *xromuju |
| vocative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xromiji | *xromyję̇ | *xromaja |
| genitive | *xromъjixъ | *xromъjixъ | *xromъjixъ |
| dative | *xromyjimъ | *xromyjimъ | *xromyjimъ |
| accusative | *xromyję̇ | *xromyję̇ | *xromaja |
| instrumental | *xromyjimi | *xromyjimi | *xromyjimi |
| locative | *xromyjixъ | *xromyjixъ | *xromyjixъ |
| vocative | *xromiji | *xromyję̇ | *xromaja |
Derived terms
- *xromostь (“limping”)
- *xromota (“lameness”)
- *xroměti (“to be crippled”)
- *xromiti (“to cripple”)
- *xromьcь (“cripple”)
Related terms
- *xvorъ (“ill”)
- *kromа (“partition, crust”) (possibly)
- *sъkromьnъ (“humble”) (possibly)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хромо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xromъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 101
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xròmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205: “adj. o (b) ‘lame’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “xromъ xroma xromo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lam (PR 136)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hrȍm”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*xromъ̏”