Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bāka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*bākka

Noun

*bāka

frog, toad
(?) tortoise, turtle

Declension

Declension of *bāka
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*bāka
accusative	bākag, bākanï¹⁾
genitive	*bākanïŋ
dative	*bākaka
locative	*bākada
ablative	*bākadan
allative	*bākagaru
instrumental ²⁾	*bākan
equative ²⁾	*bākača
similative ²⁾	*bākalayu
comitative ²⁾	*bākalïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*kïr-bāka

Descendants

Oghur:
- → Hungarian: béka
Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: bâqa
Proto-Oghuz: *baɣa
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: bağa
    - Ottoman Turkish:
      - Turkish: bağa
- East Oghuz:
  - Salar: bağa
  - Turkmen:
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: (baqa)
  - Chagatai: (baqa)
    - ⇒ Uzbek: qurbaqa
    - Uyghur: پاقا (paqa)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: баҡа (baqa)
  - Tatar: бака (baqa)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: baqa
  - Karachay-Balkar: макъа (maqa)
  - Kumyk: бакъа (baqa)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: бақа
  - Kazakh: бақа (baqa)
  - Nogai: бака (baka)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: бака (baka)
  - Southern Altai: бака (baka)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: (baka)
- Old Uyghur:
  - Western Yugur: paqa
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: бага (baga)
  - Yakut: баҕа (bağa)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: пага (paga)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: паға (pağa)
    - Shor: паға (pağa)

References

^ Gombocz, Zoltán (1912) Die bulgarisch-türkischen Lehnwörter in der ungarischen Sprache (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; XXX)‎ (in German)

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 311-312; 646-647
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 58
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*b(i)āka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Gombocz, Zoltán (1912) Die bulgarisch-türkischen Lehnwörter in der ungarischen Sprache (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; XXX)‎ (in German)