Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/elig

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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been proposed:

  1. Sevortyan compares the dialectal Turkish elmek (“hand”) and suggets a common root *el-
  2. Tekin ties the word to *ẹĺ- (“to dig”), stating that the sigmatism didn't occur due to its medial position.
  3. Nişanyan suggets a derivation *al- (“to take”) +‎ *-ïg, however note that the word is never attested as being back voweled through history.

The reason behind the disappearence of the final -i in some languages is uncertain but likely due to confusion with the third person singular possessive, compare *tātïg (“taste”), *bẹńi (“brain”) for similar cases.

Siberian descendants show a variant form with "open-e" (*ẹlig). Whether *ẹlig or *elig was the original form is unclear.

Noun

*elig

  1. (anatomy) hand, forearm

Declension

Declension of *elig
singular 3)
nominative *elig
accusative *eligig, *eligni1)
genitive *eligniŋ
dative *eligke
locative *eligde
ablative *eligden
allative *eliggerü
instrumental 2) *eligin
equative 2) *eligče
similative 2) *eligleyü
comitative 2) *eligligü
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

  • ⇒? *ellig
  • ⇒ *elig-e- (“to sift”)

Descendants

  • Oghur: *eliɣ
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *elig
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz: اَلِكْ (elig)
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: ال (el)
      • Ajem-Turkic:
      • Gagauz: el
      • Ottoman Turkish: ال (el)
        • Turkish: el
    • Salar: el
    • Turkmen: el
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: اَلِكْ (“elig”)
      • Chagatai: (“élik”)
        • Uyghur: ilik (dial.)
        • Uzbek: ilik (arch.)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian Turkic: *ẹlig?
    • Old Turkic: 𐰠𐰏 ((e)l(i)g /⁠l²g⁠/)
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (élig /⁠ʾylyk⁠/)
      • Western Yugur: ələɣ (ïlïɣ, “hand, a unit of measure, chopsticks, method, craftsmanship”)
        • ⇒ Western Yugur: ələk (ïlïk, “hand, finger”)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:

References

  1. ^ Tekin, Talât. “Once More Zetacism and Sigmatism.” Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 23, no. 1/2, Harrassowitz Verlag, 1979, page 135.
  2. ^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 170
  3. ^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 210
  4. ^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 236
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 72
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “elig”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 140-141
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “el”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 39-40
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “el, -ig”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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