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Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been proposed:
Sevortyan compares the dialectal Turkishelmek(“hand”) and suggets a common root *el-
Tekin ties the word to *ẹĺ-(“to dig”), stating that the sigmatism didn't occur due to its medial position.
Nişanyan suggets a derivation *al-(“to take”) + *-ïg, however note that the word is never attested as being back voweled through history.
The reason behind the disappearence of the final -i in some languages is uncertain but likely due to confusion with the third person singular possessive, compare *tātïg(“taste”), *bẹńi(“brain”) for similar cases.
Siberian descendants show a variant form with "open-e" (*ẹlig). Whether *ẹlig or *elig was the original form is unclear.
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension. 2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages. 3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
↑ 5.05.1al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 72
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 39-40
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “el, -ig”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill