Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïŋrak
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Usually considered to be from *kïŋra- (“to cut crookedly”) + *-k, Nişanyan on the other hand compares it with Sogdian 𐼶𐼻𐼲𐽀 (xnɣr, “dagger, sword”) + *-ak (“diminutive suffix”)[1] and suggests a borrowing.[2] According to Hirth, it is the oldest written Turkic word, possibly attested as Old Chinese 徑路 (*king-lak, “the ceremonial sword of the Xiongnu”) in Ts'ien Han Shu (47 BCE).[3]
Noun
*kïŋrak
Declension
Declension of *kïŋrak
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kïŋrak |
| Accusative | *kïŋrakïg, *kïŋraknï1) |
| Genitive | *kïŋraknïŋ |
| Dative | *kïŋrakka |
| Locative | *kïŋrakda |
| Ablative | *kïŋrakdan |
| Allative | *kïŋrakgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *kïŋrakïn |
| Equative 2) | *kïŋrakča |
| Similative 2) | *kïŋraklayu |
| Comitative 2) | *kïŋraklïgu |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- → Proto-Mongolic: *kïŋgar[4]
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)
- Uyghur: (kïŋrak, “wide blade knife”)
- Karakhanid: قنكراق (kïŋra:k)
- Kipchak:
References
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “xγr, xnγr”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 431
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hançer”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- ^ Tekin, Talât (1993) Hunların Dili [The languages of the Xiongnu people] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: Doruk Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 14-15
- ^ Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2016) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 127
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 639-649
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, page 221
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 265