Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïr-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Exists in almost every Turkic language. Sometimes compared to Proto-Mongolic *kira- (“to mince, cut small”), Proto-Tungusic *kire- (“to mince; to be broken off, break off; to gnaw”), also Proto-Japonic *kiru (“to cut”).^[1]

Verb

*kïr-

(transitive) to break, to demolish
(transitive) to scrape, to shave

Derived terms

*kïr (noun)
*kïrgak
*kïrk- (“to shave”)
*kïrmač (“whip, lash”)

Descendants

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kira-
→? Proto-Tungusic: *kire-
→? Proto-Japonic: *kir-
- Japanese: 切る
Oghur:
- Chuvash: хир (hir)
Common Turkic: *kïr-

Arghu:
- Khalaj: qırmaq
- ⇒ Khalaj: kïrruq- (“to be apathetic, sullen, depressed”)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: qırmaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: قیرمق (kırmak), قرمق (kırmak)
    - Gagauz: kırmaa
    - Turkish: kırmak
    - → Armenian: խըռմիշ (xəṙmiš), կըռմիշ (kəṙmiš)
- Turkmen: gyrmak
- Salar: qır
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قِرْماقْ (qïrmaq)
  - Chagatai: قیرمق
    - Uzbek: qirmoq
    - Uyghur: قىرماق (qirmaq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡырыу (qırıw)
  - Tatar: кыру (qıru)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: qırmaq
  - Kumyk: къырмакъ (qırmaq)
  - Karachay-Balkar: къырыргъа (qırırğa)
  - Karaim: (qır-)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: қырыў
    - Kazakh: қыру (qyru)
    - Nogai: кырув (kıruv)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: кыруу (kıruu)
    - Southern Altai: кырар (kïrar)
    - Teleut кыр- (kïr-)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - ⇒ Dolgan: кырый (“to shear, cut out”), ⇒? кыра (“small”)
  - Yakut:
    - ⇒ кырый (kırıy, “to shear, cut out”)
    - кырыы (kırıı, “side, border, edge”)
    - ⇒? кыра (kıra, “small”)
    - ⇒? кыырпах (kıırpaq, “crumb, fragment”)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: кырар (kırar)
    - ⇒ Tofa: (ӄыъртыҷа-)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: хырарға (xırarğa)
    - ⇒ Western Yugur: (qʰïrq-, “to shave”)
    - Shor: (qır-)

References

^ Tekin, Talât (1993) Japonca ve Altay Dilleri [Japanese and Altaic languages] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: Doruk Yayınları, →ISBN, page 76

Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 567
Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, pages 227-229
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 265
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Tekin, Talât (1993) Japonca ve Altay Dilleri [Japanese and Altaic languages] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: Doruk Yayınları, →ISBN, page 76

[1]