Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŕgan
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Analysis as *kaŕ- (“to dig out”) + *-gan is often proposed, however not without some controversy, see literature for details.
Noun
*kaŕgan
Declension
Declension of *kaŕgan
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kaŕgan |
| Accusative | *kaŕgannï, *kaŕganïg 4), *kaŕgannïg 1) |
| Genitive | *kaŕgannïŋ |
| Dative | *kaŕganka |
| Locative | *kaŕganta |
| Ablative | *kaŕgantan |
| Allative | *kaŕgangaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *kaŕganïn |
| Equative 2) | *kaŕganča |
| Similative 2) | *kaŕganlayu |
| Comitative 2) | *kaŕganlïgu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
- → Middle Mongol: (qazghan) (Ibn Muhanna)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Karluk:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: qazğân
- Proto-Oghuz: *γazan
- West Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: qazan
- Ottoman Turkish: قزان (qazan), قزغان (kazğan)
- Gagauz: kazan
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- East Oghuz:
- Turkmen: gazan
- West Oghuz:
- Siberian:
Further reading
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kazğa:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 682
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 188
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1390