Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŕgan
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Analysis as *kaŕ- (“to dig out”) + *-gan is often proposed, however not without some controversy; see literature for details.
Noun
*kaŕgan
Declension
| singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *kaŕgan |
| accusative | *kaŕganïg, *kaŕgannï1) |
| genitive | *kaŕgannïŋ |
| dative | *kaŕganka |
| locative | *kaŕganta |
| ablative | *kaŕgantan |
| allative | *kaŕgangaru |
| instrumental 2) | *kaŕganïn |
| equative 2) | *kaŕganča |
| similative 2) | *kaŕganlayu |
| comitative 2) | *kaŕganlïgu |
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Common Turkic:
- → Middle Mongol: (qazghan) (Ibn Muhanna)
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: qazğân
- Proto-Oghuz: *γazan
- West Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: qazan
- Ottoman Turkish: قزان (qazan), قزغان (kazğan)
- Turkish: kazan
- → Albanian: kazan
- → Arabic: قَزَان (qazān), قَازَان (qāzān)
- → Armenian: խազան (xazan), ղազան (ġazan), կազան (kazan), ղզղան (ġzġan)
- → Aromanian: cãzáne
- → Bulgarian: каза́н (kazán)
- → Greek: καζάνι (kazáni)
- → Hungarian: kazán
- → Macedonian: казан (kazan)
- → Romanian: cazàn
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Northern Kurdish: quşxane
- Gagauz: kazan
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- East Oghuz:
- Turkmen: gazan
- West Oghuz:
- Kipchak:
- Mamluk-Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Karluk:
- Siberian:
- → Persian: خاژغان (xâžġân)
Further reading
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kazğa:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 682
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 188
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1390