Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kalkan
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Clauson suggests that this is a basic noun, however in terms of its origin there have been multiple theories:
- Rasanen and Nishanyan sugget that this is a borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *kalkan (“shield”) however ESMJa and Clauson suggest the reverse.
- Nishanyan attempts to explain a native origin as a derivation *kalk- (“to rise”) + *-gan.
Noun
*kalkan
Declension
Declension of *kalkan
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kalkan |
| Accusative | *kalkanïg, *kalkannï1) |
| Genitive | *kalkannïŋ |
| Dative | *kalkanka |
| Locative | *kalkanta |
| Ablative | *kalkantan |
| Allative | *kalkangaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *kalkanïn |
| Equative 2) | *kalkanča |
| Similative 2) | *kalkanlayu |
| Comitative 2) | *kalkanlïgu |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Common Turkic: *kalkan
References
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kalkan”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 621
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 501
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 233
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kalkan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 227
- Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 27