Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arjan

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *arjaną.

Verb

*arjan[1]

  1. to plough, plow

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *arjan
1st sg. past *aridā
Infinitive *arjan
Genitive infin. *arjannjas
Dative infin. *arjannjē
Instrum. infin. *arjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *arju *aridā
2nd singular *arisi *aridēs, *aridōs
3rd singular *ariþi *aridē, *aridā
1st plural *arjum *aridum
2nd plural *ariþ *aridud
3rd plural *arjanþ *aridun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *arjē *aridī
2nd singular *arjēs *aridī
3rd singular *arjē *aridī
1st plural *arjēm *aridīm
2nd plural *arjēþ *aridīd
3rd plural *arjēn *aridīn
Imperative Present
Singular *ari
Plural *ariþ
Present Past
Participle *arjandī *arid


Strong class 7 j-present
Infinitive *arjan
1st sg. past *ēr
3rd pl. past *ērun
Past ptcple *aran
Infinitive *arjan
Genitive infin. *arjannjas
Dative infin. *arjannjē
Instrum. infin. *arjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *arju *ēr
2nd singular *ariʀi *ērī
3rd singular *aridi *ēr
1st plural *arjum *ērum
2nd plural *arid *ērud
3rd plural *arjand *ērun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *arjē *ērī
2nd singular *arjēs *ērī
3rd singular *arjē *ērī
1st plural *arjēm *ērīm
2nd plural *arjēþ *ērīd
3rd plural *arjēn *ērīn
Imperative Present
Singular *ari
Plural *arid
Present Past
Participle *arjandī *aran

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 52:PWGmc *arjan