Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arut

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly a substrate borrowing, compare Latin raudus (“lump (of ore, metal); bronze, brass”), and further Sumerian 𒍏 (urud, “copper”).^[1]^[2]

Noun

*arut m

ore

Inflection

Consonant stem
	Singular
Nominative	*arut
Genitive	*aruti
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*arut	*aruti
Accusative	*arutu	*aruti
Genitive	*aruti	*arutō
Dative	*aruti	*arutum
Instrumental	*aruti	*arutum

Alternative reconstructions

*arit

Descendants

Old Saxon: arut
Old Dutch: arut
Old High German: aruz, ariz
- Middle High German: erz, eriz
  - Alemannic German: Ärzt
  - German: Erz
    - → Dutch: erts
      - Afrikaans: erts
    - → Esperanto: erco
    - → Hungarian: érc
    - → Ido: erco
  - Luxembourgish: Äerz
  - Yiddish: אַרץ (arts)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arut-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
^ Schrijver, Peter (1997) “Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words”, in Lubotsky, A., editor, Sound Law and Analogy‎, Amsterdam/Atlanta, page 308 of 293–316

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arut-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37

[2] Schrijver, Peter (1997) “Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words”, in Lubotsky, A., editor, Sound Law and Analogy‎, Amsterdam/Atlanta, page 308 of 293–316

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arut

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