Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hopōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; sometimes compared to Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to bend forward, stoop”).

Verb

*hopōn

1. to hope, expect

   Synonym: *wānijan

Inflection

Descendants

• Old English: hopian
  • Middle English: hopen
    • English: hope
    • Scots: hope, hoip, houp
• Old Frisian: hopia
  • Saterland Frisian: hoopje
  • West Frisian: hoopje
• Old Saxon: hopōn
  • Middle Low German: hōpen, höpen
    • German Low German:

      Ostfriesisch (East Frisian): hopen

      Paderbornisch: hoäpen

      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch, Sauerländisch: huapen

      Sauerländisch: hoapen (Niedersfeld)

      Sauerländisch: hōepen (Wenden)

      Westmünsterländisch: hoppen

    • → Faroese: hopa
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: håpe
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: håpa, håpe
    • →⇒ Elfdalian: oppas
    • →⇒ Swedish: hoppas
    • → Danish: håbe
• Old Dutch: hopon
  • Middle Dutch: hōpen
    • Dutch: hopen
    • Limburgish: haope
• Old High German: *hoffōn (uncertain, at most northern; perhaps introduced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries)
  • Middle High German: hoffen (chiefly northern)
    • Cimbrian: hòffan
    • German: hoffen
    • Luxembourgish: hoffen
    • Vilamovian: höffa
    • Yiddish: האָפֿן (hofn)

References