Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hulis

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to sting, prick”),^[1]^[2] or perhaps borrowed from some substrate language.^[3] Compare Old English holen (“holly”), Old Norse hulfr (“holly”), Proto-Celtic *kolinos (“holly tree”) (whence Old Irish cuilenn, Welsh celyn).

Noun

*hulis m

holly

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hulis
Genitive	*hulisas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hulis	hulisō, hulisōs
Accusative	*hulis	*hulisā
Genitive	*hulisas	*hulisō
Dative	*hulisē	*hulisum
Instrumental	*hulisu	*hulisum

Descendants

⇒ Old English: (unknown stem variant) holen, holeġn, holiġn, holiġ
- Middle English: holyn, holin, holy, holly
  - English: holly, hollen
  - Scots: holin, hollin, holyn
- Middle English: holme, holm
  - English: holm
Old Saxon: hulis
- Middle Low German: hüls
  - German Low German:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Hülse
    
    Sauerländisch: Hulse, Hulle, Hülse, Huse
Old Dutch: *hulis
- Middle Dutch: huls, hulst f
  - Dutch: hulst
Old High German: hulis, huls, hulisa, huliso
- Middle High German: huls
  - German: Hülse f, Hulst, Holst, Hülsen, Hulse, Hulsenbaum, Hulsenstrauch, Hülst, Holch, Hulsch, Hülsenstrauch, Hülsenbaum, Hülsekraut, Hubze
→ Old French: hous, hus, huche, houche, huse, houce, houlx
- Middle French: hous, houx, houlx
  - French: houx
- Norman: housse (Jèrriais)
- Picard: hoûx (Athois), oûch
- Walloon: hoû (Charleroi), hoûssê (Forrières), hoûs

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. kel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 545
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 376
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hulisa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. kel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 545

[2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 376

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hulisa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253

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